Web of Teachers: Inderscience Research is an international journal which publishes the research related to the teachers, teaching, teacher education and educational practices in perspective of international standards and context. The journal focuses on early childhood through high school (secondary education), teacher preparation, along with higher education concerning teacher professional development and/or teacher education. The journal is a multidisciplinary journal committed to no single approach, discipline, methodology, or paradigm. The journal welcomes varied approaches (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods) to empirical research; also publishing high quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Manuscripts should enhance, build upon, and/or extend the boundaries of theory, research, and/or practice in teaching and teacher education. Web of Teachers: Inderscience Research is an open access, peer reviewed, monthly journal for the teachers, upcoming teachers and educators. Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-379X IFSIJ JIF: 7.995 Journal Abbreviation: Web teach.
SEMANTIC FIELDS IN PROVERBS: A CROSS-LINGUISTIC STUDY OF HONOR AND SHAME IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN
This article examines the semantic fields of honor and shame as expressed in English and Russian proverbs. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of paremiology and cross-linguistic semantics, the study analyzes how these two moral concepts are encoded, framed, and transmitted through proverbial language in each cultural tradition. The analysis shows that English proverbs tend to present honor as an individual achievement based on personal conduct and reputation, while shame is linked to public exposure and loss of social standing. Russian proverbs, by contrast, frame honor as a collective moral obligation rooted in community values, and shame as a deeply ethical failure that affects both the individual and the group. Despite these cultural differences, both traditions treat honor and shame as central forces that regulate social behavior and guide moral development. The findings suggest that proverbs function as cultural mirrors, reflecting the values and priorities of the societies that produce them.
Proverb, semantic field, honor, shame, cross-linguistic analysis, paremiology, English proverbs, Russian proverbs, moral concepts, cultural values.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
THE ROLE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This article explores the role of formative assessment in developing English language skills among university students. In modern higher education, the shift from traditional summative evaluation to continuous and learner-centered assessment has become increasingly significant. Formative assessment, which includes ongoing feedback, self-assessment, and peer evaluation, plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ linguistic competence. The study examines how formative assessment strategies contribute to the improvement of key language skills, namely reading, writing, listening, and speaking. It also analyzes the impact of timely feedback on student motivation, autonomy, and academic performance. The findings suggest that formative assessment creates a supportive learning environment, promotes active student engagement, and leads to measurable progress in language proficiency. The article concludes that integrating formative assessment into English language teaching can significantly improve the overall effectiveness of instruction at the university level.
formative assessment, English language teaching, communicative competence, higher education, feedback, student autonomy, language skills, EFL learners
THE USE OF INTERACTIVE METHODS IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The article analyses the pedagogical effectiveness of interactive methods in developing English communicative competence among university students. The study is grounded in communicative language teaching, competence-based education and learner-centred methodology. It combines international and Uzbekistan-related contextual data with an illustrative quasi-experimental classroom model for first-year university students. The statistical section demonstrates how role-play, pair and group work, problem-based discussions, project presentations and digital collaboration can be assessed through pre-test and post-test indicators. The model results show that systematic use of interactive tasks may increase students’ overall communicative performance from 60.8 to 75.5 points, while traditional instruction produces a smaller gain from 60.5 to 65.4 points. The findings indicate that interactive methods are especially effective for improving speaking fluency, strategic interaction, vocabulary activation and learner motivation. The article offers a practical methodological model for integrating interactive tasks into English courses at higher education institutions.
Communicative competence, interactive methods, English language teaching, university students, speaking skills, role-play, project-based learning, higher education.
PRAGMATIC RECONSTRUCTION OF AUTHORIAL RESTRAINT IN ENGLISH-UZBEK LITERARY TRANSLATION
This article examines the reconstruction of authorial restraint in English-Uzbek literary translation. The study focuses on three closely related stylistic markers: syntactic economy, repetition, and silence. These features are often regarded as formal elements of literary style; however, in narrative discourse they may also convey emotional suppression, social distance, psychological pressure, moral uncertainty, and cultural norms of self-control. The article argues that literal reproduction is not always sufficient for preserving authorial restraint in Uzbek translation. Instead, translators need to identify the pragmatic function of each marker and recreate its effect through functionally appropriate target-language means. The research employs a qualitative cognitive-pragmatic approach based on illustrative English literary micro-contexts and their Uzbek translation variants. The findings show that excessive explicitation, stylistic smoothing, and emotional intensification can weaken the authorial voice. Syntactic brevity should be retained where it represents restraint; repetition should be preserved where it creates duration or psychological pressure; and silence should not be replaced by explanatory commentary. The article proposes a functional model of pragmatic reconstruction that may be applied in English-Uzbek literary translation and translator training.
Authorial restraint; English-Uzbek translation; syntactic economy; repetition; silence; pragmatic meaning; literary discourse; translation strategy.
USING DATA ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE THE TEACHING OF RESEARCH WRITING
This paper looks at four types of data analysis—Descriptive, Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prescriptive—and how they can be used to teach research writing. These methods help teachers understand student performance, identify challenges, predict future outcomes, and suggest ways to improve writing skills. By using these methods, teachers can better support students in becoming better writers.
Data analysis, descriptive analysis, diagnostic analysis, predictive analysis, prescriptive analysis.
THE ARAL SEA PROBLEM AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
The desiccation of the Aral Sea represents one of the most catastrophic anthropogenic environmental disasters of the modern era. Formerly the world's fourth-largest inland body of water, the sea has shrunk to less than 10% of its original surface area within six decades. This study investigates the systemic ecological degradation of the Aral Sea basin, driven by Soviet-era macroeconomic cotton-monoculture planning and exacerbated by contemporary water management paradigms. Utilizing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach integrating satellite remote sensing analysis, historical hydrometric data, and synthesis of regional socio-economic reports, we trace the evolutionary collapse of the lacustrine ecosystem.
Aral Sea Desiccation, Anthropogenic Deserts, Aralkum, Transboundary Water Management, Eco-hydrology, Central Asia.
INTEGRATING TPR, CLIL, AND NARRATIVE-BASED INSTRUCTION TO DEVELOP COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN PRIMARY EFL LEARNERS: EVIDENCE FROM A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Driven by globalization and the demands of cross-border communication, modern education systems are fundamentally rethinking how foreign languages are taught. Today, the core objective of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction for young learners is no longer rote memorization, but the development of genuine communicative competence. This study designs, implements, and empirically tests an integrated pedagogical framework that weaves together Total Physical Response (TPR), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and narrative-based techniques to boost young learners' communicative abilities through contextualized vocabulary instruction. Employing a quasi-experimental design, we worked with 60 primary school students (aged 7–10) divided equally into an experimental and a control group. Over a 12-week intervention, data were gathered using a mixed-methods approach, including pre- and post-tests, structured speaking tasks, listening comprehension assessments, systematic classroom observations, and learner motivation questionnaires. The quantitative and qualitative findings reveal that the experimental group achieved statistically significant gains in vocabulary retention, speaking fluency, and listening comprehension compared to their peers in the control group. Beyond purely linguistic growth, the multimodal nature of this approach triggered a powerful synergistic effect, noticeably driving up cognitive engagement and intrinsic motivation. Ultimately, this study contributes a theoretically grounded, empirically validated model to the field of instructed second language acquisition, balancing input, interaction, and output. It offers practical, actionable insights for primary school teachers, curriculum developers, and educational policymakers navigating early language education.
Communicative competence, vocabulary instruction, primary education, EFL learners, CLIL, TPR, narrative approach, language pedagogy.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
The internationalization of higher education institutions has become a strategic priority in the contemporary globalized educational world. Internationalization facilitates academic mobility, intercultural communication, exchange of knowledge, and the development of essential competencies required in the twenty-first century. This article explores the significance of higher education internationalization in enhancing students’ knowledge and skills. Through a review of existing literature and theoretical perspectives, the study examines how international collaboration, student and staff mobility programs and cross-cultural experiences contribute to academic excellence and professional competence.
Higher education internationalization, knowledge development, skill development, international mobility, intercultural competence, higher education.
LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL CONCEPTS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
Language serves not only as a means of communication but also as a repository of a nation's cultural values, traditions, worldview, and collective memory. Linguoculturology, which examines the relationship between language and culture, provides an effective framework for analyzing national concepts embedded in linguistic consciousness. This study explores the linguocultural characteristics of national concepts in the Uzbek language and investigates their role in reflecting the cultural identity of the Uzbek people. Particular attention is paid to culturally significant concepts such as homeland, family, hospitality, respect, honor, and spirituality, which occupy a central place in the Uzbek linguistic worldview. The research analyzes the semantic structure, cultural meanings, and linguistic representation of these concepts in proverbs, idioms, literary texts, and everyday communication. Using descriptive, comparative, and linguocultural methods, the study reveals how national concepts preserve cultural knowledge and transmit social values across generations. The findings demonstrate that national concepts constitute an essential component of the Uzbek linguistic picture of the world and play a significant role in maintaining cultural continuity and national identity in the context of globalization.
Linguoculturology, national concepts, Uzbek language, cultural identity, linguistic worldview, cultural semantics, ethnolinguistics, conceptual analysis, language and culture, national values.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Phraseological units constitute one of the most expressive and culturally significant layers of language. They reflect the historical experience, traditions, values, and worldview of a particular nation. Unlike ordinary lexical units, phraseological expressions possess figurative meanings that cannot always be understood through the meanings of their individual components. As a result, phraseology occupies an important place in linguistic studies, particularly in comparative linguistics, translation studies, and intercultural communication.
communication, literature, journalism, and public discourse
SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PRACTICAL PROSPECTS
This article provides a theoretical analysis of socio-pedagogical approaches used in preparing future primary school teachers to apply problem-based learning (PBL) mechanisms in the subject of upbringing. The impact of PBL on students' socialization, development of professional-social competencies, interpersonal communication skills, and civic position is examined. Based on local and international scholarly sources and practical methodologies, a theoretical model and specific methods for enhancing the socio-pedagogical readiness of future teachers are proposed.
Socio-pedagogical approaches, problem-based learning, future teachers, professional training, socialization, upbringing subject, PBL, case-study, reflection, collaborative learning.
FEATURES OF THE ART SPACE IN THE NOVEL "BRISBANE" BY E. G. VODOLAZKIN
The article discusses the features of the artistic space in the novel "Brisbane" by E. Vodolazkin, embodied in the spatial oppositions: "Russia - Europe", "Russia - Ukraine", "Kiev - St. Petersburg". Detailed topography in the novel appears when describing an alien space, the topographic images connected by the metaspace of Brisbane are analyzed.
Evgeny Vodolazkin's work, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, Italy, Australia, artistic space, topographic images.
THE MOTIF OF "DUPLICITY" AS A PLOT AND COMPOSITIONAL RECEPTION IN E. VODOLAZKIN'S NOVEL "THE AVIATOR
The article analyzes the novel "The Aviator" by the modern Russian writer E.G. Vodolazkin. The functional significance of the theme of flight, the system of doubles, as well as the space of the game is studied in detail.
THE SPECIFICS OF MEDIA DISCOURSE: CONCEPT, STRUCTURE, AND LINGUISTIC FEATURES
This article is devoted to the topical issue of studying the specifics of media discourse. The article’s aim is to study the concept and essence of this phenomenon. The research methods were the following: analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of terms and concepts, induction, deduction and generalization of analytical conclusions. The article’s author comes to the conclusion that discourse combines the verbal component of communication and its extralinguistic elements of a socio-cultural and context-situational nature. There are many classifications of discourse types, however, uniform and clear criteria demonstrating the distinction between one type and another have not yet been developed in linguistics. Journalistic discourse is a dynamic, active, constantly changing type of discourse. It is based on real events and phenomena occurring in the life of society, reflects specific actions in a certain period of time. A journalistic text implies a consistent presentation of theses, supported by convincing arguments (facts and examples). These theses must have a logical agreement so that the audience (readers or listeners) can form their own opinion on the basis of adequately perceived information. In journalistic texts, socio-political vocabulary is used, which is distinguished by its logic, reasoning, emotionality, as well as the evaluative nature of judgments and motivation.
LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIDDLES FORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE LEXEME WIND
This article investigates the linguocultural characteristics of riddles formed on the basis of the lexeme wind. As a natural phenomenon, wind occupies a significant place in human life, folklore, and cultural consciousness. Wind-related riddles reflect not only the observable properties of wind but also the symbolic, cognitive, and cultural meanings associated with movement, power, freedom, and change. The study examines the semantic structure, figurative representation, symbolic interpretation, and cultural significance of wind-based riddles. The findings demonstrate that such riddles serve as an important means of preserving traditional knowledge and expressing the linguistic worldview of a community.
Linguoculturology, riddle, wind, lexeme, folklore, symbolism, linguistic worldview, culture, cognition.
THE FUNCTION OF DEMONIC AND SUPERNATURAL IMAGES IN BRYUSOV'S ARTISTIC WORLD
This article examines the function of demonic and supernatural images in the artistic world of Valery Bryusov. The article analyzes how demonic motives, mystical essences and images of another world are used by the author to reveal philosophical, psychological and aesthetic ideas. Special attention is paid to the role of the supernatural as a means of modeling alternative reality and expressing the crisis of human personality in the era of modernism. The study shows that Bryusov's demonic images perform not only an artistic, but also a philosophical function.
Demonic images, supernatural, symbolism, Valery Bryusov, Russian literature, mysticism, modernism, art world, alternative reality, psychology, philosophy, symbol
USING MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING
The proliferation of mobile technology has redefined the boundaries of language learning. This article examines the role, effectiveness, and evolving impact of mobile applications in language education, highlighting their influence on learners, teachers, and the global landscape of communication. Drawing on contemporary research and relevant examples, the discussion investigates mobile learning (m-learning) theories, educational benefits, pedagogical shifts, motivational aspects, inclusivity, and potential drawbacks. The paper concludes with an assessment of current trends and an outline for future advances, arguing for an integrated approach between mobile technology and human-driven pedagogies.
Mobile learning, language acquisition, educational technology, m-learning, digital literacy, language apps, motivation, self-directed study, communicative competence, mobile-assisted language learning.
THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING COMPETENCE BASED ON A DISCURSIVE-CRITICAL APPROACH
This article discusses the concept of developing students’ critical thinking competence through a discursive-critical approach in English language teaching. The paper analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of critical thinking, discourse analysis, communicative competence and task-based learning. Special attention is paid to the relationship between discourse, context, argumentation, reflection and independent judgment. The article substantiates that a discursive-critical approach enables students to analyze texts, identify implicit meanings, evaluate arguments, understand the author’s position and express their own reasoned viewpoints in English. A conceptual model based on awareness, analysis, evaluation, argumentation and reflective conclusion is proposed as an effective methodological basis for developing students’ critical thinking competence.
Critical thinking, critical thinking competence, discursive-critical approach, discourse analysis, English language teaching, argumentation, reflection, communicative competence, task-based learning.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY IN UZBEK AND KOREAN: AFFIXATION PATTERNS AND WORD-FORMATION MECHANISMS
This paper examines derivational morphology in Uzbek and Korean from a comparative perspective. Both languages belong to the agglutinative type and exhibit productive word-formation mechanisms based primarily on affixation. The study focuses on the structural and semantic characteristics of derivational processes, including suffixation, compounding, and lexical derivation. Although Uzbek and Korean share typological similarities, they differ in the productivity of derivational affixes and the role of compounding. The findings demonstrate that suffixation is the dominant mechanism in both languages, while compound formation is considerably more productive in Korean. The study contributes to comparative linguistics and provides insights into word-formation patterns in agglutinativelanguages.
Derivational morphology, word formation, affixation, Korean language, lexical, derivation, Uzbek language, agglutinative languages, compounding.
HISTORY OF FORMATION OF MULTINATIONALITY IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES
This article examines the process of multi-ethnicity in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia. It systematically studies the migration and settlement of minorities and peoples to countries since ancient times. The fate of the small number of nationalities who migrated to the countries and the main factors that led to the provision of interethnic stability are outlined. In order to substantiate the research, the Baltic and German diasporas formed in Uzbekistan were mentioned. The migration of Ukrainians to Kazakhstan will be analyzed. Some aspects of the state policy on interethnic stability in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan since 1991 are presented.
Interethnic, immigration, stability, national centers, tolerance solidarity, diaspora, public diplomacy, polo ethnic, minority peoples.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON YOUTH UPBRINGING
This article is devoted to an in-depth scientific, pedagogical, and sociological analysis of the impact of innovative approaches introduced in the system of educational and enlightenment organizations on the upbringing of youth, their spiritual and moral character, and social activity. The research reveals the necessity of transitioning from traditional upbringing methods to interactive, digital, and psychologically grounded new methods in modern educational institutions. In particular, innovative technologies such as gamification, intellectual tournaments, project-based learning, and the humanization of administrative relations are analyzed. The article details international and national experiences, including the practice of organizing the socio-cultural life of students in higher educational institutions, and develops scientifically based proposals for forming responsibility and values among the youth.
Innovative approach, educational organizations, youth upbringing, gamification, intellectual games, social activity, student attendance, psychological motivation.
ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ONLINE ADVERTISING
This article analyzes the pressing problems of legal regulation of online advertising. The study examines the legislative framework in the field of advertising in the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign countries, reviews current trends in regulating online advertising activities, and develops practical proposals and recommendations for improving the national legal system. The theoretical and practical aspects of regulating legal relations in the field of internet advertising within the digital economy are explored.
Online advertising, internet marketing, legal regulation, advertising legislation, digital economy, consumer rights, deceptive advertising, targeted advertising.
Mamajonov Muxammadsobir Kutfitdin oʻgʻli
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO RETELLING ACTIVITY ON FLUENCY DEVELOPMENT AMONG INTERMEDIATE UZBEK EFL LEARNERS
Developing speaking fluency is one of the most difficult parts of learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Many Uzbek learners have enough education of grammar and vocabulary but they often find it hard to express their ideas smoothly and confidently. This study investigates the effectiveness of video retelling activities in improving speaking fluency among intermediate Uzbek EFL learners. The research involved ten intermediate-level students who participated in video retelling activities in four weeks. Students watched short English videos and retold the content in their own words. Data were collected through pre-activity and post-activity speaking assessments as well as questionnaire. The results showed noticeable improvements in fluency, confidence, and speaking performance. The findings suggest that video retelling can be an effective and engaging technique for enhancing speaking skills in EFL classrooms.
Video retelling, speaking fluency, EFL learners, English language learning, Uzbekistan.
THE PERIODICAL PRESS AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A THEMATIC CONTENT ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE SURKHANDARYA REGION (UZBEKISTAN), 1930s–2020s
This article examines the periodical press as a primary historical source for the study of regional development, using the Surkhandarya region of southern Uzbekistan as a case. Through a qualitative thematic content analysis organized around three domains — social, economic and cultural life — the study traces how the regional press represented the region from the 1930s to the 2020s, drawing chiefly on the regional flagship newspaper (Zarya Surkhana, today Surxon tongi, published since 1935). The analysis treats the newspaper simultaneously as a mirror of regional life and as an instrument of ideology, and it foregrounds the methodological problem of censorship and selective framing under different political regimes. The findings show that the relative weight of the three thematic domains shifted systematically across the Soviet, independence and post-2017 periods, and that the medium itself — its format, ownership and platform — is itself a form of historical evidence. The paper contributes a source-critical framework for using regional newspapers in the socio-economic and cultural history of Central Asia.
Periodical press, historical source, content analysis, regional press, Surkhandarya, Uzbekistan, media history, source criticism, socio-economic history, cultural heritage.
A CONTEMPORARY COMPETENCY-BASED MODEL FOR THE PROFESSIONAL PROFILE OF A PROSPECTIVE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER
This study examines the professional competency framework of prospective primary school teachers from a scientific and pedagogical perspective. Drawing on contemporary educational theory, the article analyzes the key directions of a teacher’s professional activity, including psychological readiness, communicative competence, and pedagogical creativity. The study identifies the qualification criteria essential for effective practice within the primary education system and proposes a structured competency model aligned with the demands of globalization and digital transformation. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the professional development pathways, personal attributes, and strategic role of the future primary school teacher in the educational process. Practical recommendations for higher education institutions are also provided.
Teacher professional profile; competency framework; pedagogical skills; primary education; teacher training; motivation; communicative competence; innovative pedagogy.
BIOPHYSICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF APHTHAE FORMATION IN THE ORAL MUCOSA
This article analyzes the biophysical and biochemical mechanisms of aphthae formation in the oral mucosa. The structural characteristics of epithelial cells, microbial colonization, immunological response reactions, and the role of inflammatory mediators are scientifically discussed. In addition, the possibilities of mathematical modeling of cellular dynamics and the pathogenesis of the aphthous process are considered.
Aphthous stomatitis, epithelium, biophysics, biochemistry, inflammation, cytokines, Candida albicans, mathematical model, immune response.
ISSUES OF INTERDISCIPLINARY INTEGRATION IN THE TEACHING OF SPECIALIZED ACADEMIC SUBJECTS
The reforms being implemented in the field of education in our republic necessitate the full informatization of the education system, the revision of traditional teaching content, the integration of academic disciplines, and the organization of instruction based on the effective use of modern pedagogical technologies. In turn, this creates the need to establish a unified information and educational environment within educational institutions, to develop and effectively utilize information databases, and to improve educational and regulatory documents on the basis of interdisciplinary integration.
Integration, In pedagogical dictionaries, Inter-subject relationships, Continuity, schematic table of interrelationships
SOCIAL FACTORS OF DEMOCRATIZATION OF SOCIETY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
This article reflects the social processes related to the role of the idea of democracy in the social factors of democratization and sustainable development of society, the protection of national interests in international socio-political relations, the fact that this responsibility is assigned to the main political institution of society - the state - and is enshrined in its Constitution, the process of satisfying the needs of states within the system of international relations, and the basis for implementing the strategic goals of protecting national interests.
International relations, political institution, the idea of democracy, international relations of states, democratization of society, integration into the world, foreign policy of states, environmental security, ideological security, information security, socio-economic well-being, ensuring state sovereignty.
UZBEKISTAN PARA SPORTS MOVEMENT HISTORY AND STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
This article comprehensively studies the role of people with disabilities in Paralympic competitions and the historical development of the para sports movement in Uzbekistan from 1991 to the present. The study analyzes the global history of the Paralympic movement, the dynamics of Uzbekistan's participation in international competitions, the socio-psychological role of athletes with disabilities, and the evolution of state policy in this area. Based on regulatory legal documents, reports of the International Paralympic Committee, and scientific literature, three historical stages of Uzbek para sports are distinguished. The article shows that athletes with disabilities are not only participants in Paralympic competitions who demonstrate sports results, but also are active catalysts for social change in society.
Paralympics, people with disabilities, para sports, Uzbekistan, history of sports, social integration, rehabilitation, period of independence, national identity, inclusive society.