Web of Teachers: Inderscience Research is an international journal which publishes the research related to the teachers, teaching, teacher education and educational practices in perspective of international standards and context. The journal focuses on early childhood through high school (secondary education), teacher preparation, along with higher education concerning teacher professional development and/or teacher education. The journal is a multidisciplinary journal committed to no single approach, discipline, methodology, or paradigm. The journal welcomes varied approaches (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods) to empirical research; also publishing high quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Manuscripts should enhance, build upon, and/or extend the boundaries of theory, research, and/or practice in teaching and teacher education. Web of Teachers: Inderscience Research is an open access, peer reviewed, monthly journal for the teachers, upcoming teachers and educators. Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-379X IFSIJ JIF: 7.995 Journal Abbreviation: Web teach.
CHILD CONSCIOUSNESS AS A NARRATIVE PRINCIPLE IN THE WORKS OF PAVEL SANAEV AND KHUDOYBERDI TOKHTABOYEV
The article examines child and adolescent consciousness as a structuring principle of narration in Pavel Sanaev’s Bury Me Behind the Baseboard and Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev’s Do Not Throw Stones at a Girl. Using comparative-typological and narratological approaches, it identifies two models of representing childhood: a confessional-memoir model based on internal focalization and a dialogic-scenic model that reveals personality through action, collective speech, and social judgment. Both models affirm the young character as an autonomous subject, while differing in the scale of conflict, spatial organization, and the narrative functions of humor.
Childhood, adolescent consciousness, literary representation, narrative, focalization, dialogism, psychologism, comparative-typological analysis, Pavel Sanaev, Khudoyberdi Tokhtaboyev.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ACTIVE VOCABULARY ACQUISITION THROUGH GAME-BASED PEDAGOGY IN ESL/EFL CONTEXTS: A THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL REVIEW
Vocabulary acquisition remains one of the most persistent challenges in second and foreign language learning, particularly in environments where learner exposure to target language input is structurally limited. This article examines the pedagogical potential of game-based learning (GBL) as a catalyst for active vocabulary acquisition in ESL and EFL classrooms. Drawing on established theoretical frameworks — including Nation's Four Strands Model, Laufer and Hulstijn's Involvement Load Hypothesis, and Vygotsky's sociocultural theory — the article situates vocabulary games not as supplementary activities but as principled instructional tools capable of generating the depth of processing, meaningful output, and affective engagement that robust lexical retention demands. A typological review of game categories is offered alongside discussion of their cognitive and interactional affordances. The article concludes with pedagogical implications for EFL practitioners and directions for future empirical inquiry.
Vocabulary acquisition, game-based learning, EFL pedagogy, active vocabulary, involvement load hypothesis, four strands, lexical engagement
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF LEADERSHIP RESPONSIBILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT: TOWARD A HUMAN-CENTERED DECISION CULTURE
The article examines leadership responsibility in higher education management from the perspective of management psychology. Universities and academies are knowledge-based institutions in which leadership decisions shape motivation, professional identity, trust and institutional belonging. The article argues that responsible academic management requires a human-centered decision culture based on value orientation, participatory sense-making, psychological safety and reflective accountability. The manuscript is theoretical and analytical; it does not report empirical data. Drawing on leadership theory, organizational psychology and regional scholarship on managerial decision-making, the article explains how academic leaders can balance administrative discipline with respect for autonomy, professional dialogue and student development. Practical recommendations are offered for leadership training, decision-review procedures, feedback systems and socio-psychological indicators of management quality. The conclusion emphasizes that human-centered decision-making does not weaken institutional discipline; instead, it makes discipline legitimate, meaningful and development-oriented.
Higher education management, leadership responsibility, decision culture, management psychology, psychological safety, academic leadership, participatory governance.
MANAGERIAL DECISION-MAKING AS A SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF THE CONTEMPORARY LEADER: ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY, COGNITIVE REFLECTION AND ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST
The article analyzes managerial decision-making as a socio-psychological competence of the contemporary leader. Unlike purely administrative interpretations, the article treats decision-making as a process that integrates cognitive reflection, ethical responsibility and relational trust. The theoretical argument is based on classical decision-making theory, leadership psychology and recent regional studies on management psychology. The article shows that managerial decisions affect not only organizational outcomes but also employee expectations, institutional legitimacy and the psychological climate of implementation. Special attention is paid to bounded rationality, cognitive biases, ethical legitimacy, psychological safety and trust as conditions of responsible leadership. A three-dimensional model of responsible managerial decision-making is proposed: analytical clarity, ethical orientation and communicative implementation. The model may be used in leadership training, higher education management and organizational consulting. The paper concludes that management psychology should develop leaders who can make decisions under uncertainty while preserving fairness, transparency and human sensitivity.
Management psychology, leadership, decision-making, ethical responsibility, cognitive reflection, organizational trust, psychological safety.
DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE MONITORING OF SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL WORK IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM
This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the directions for improving the monitoring of spiritual and educational work in the higher education system, the goals pursued in improving such monitoring at higher education institutions (HEIs), and the issues involved in introducing a modernized monitoring system. The article also discusses the correction of the spiritual and educational activity process, the material and methodological support for organizing educational events, and the legal-normative, strategic, technological, and organizational aspects of management, along with the current state of these aspects and the ways to develop them.
Modernization, teacher, student, higher education, spiritual and educational work, monitoring, long-term plan, spiritual level, social networks, websites, media platforms, seminars, round tables, reading evenings.
MODERN APPROACHES TO MONITORING AND EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the forms and innovative methods used to improve the monitoring of the effectiveness of spiritual and educational activities in higher education institutions. It also examines modern educational paradigms aimed at solving the problems of improving the monitoring of spiritual and educational work within the higher education system.
Modern education, spiritual, educational, monitoring, innovation, traditional method, scale, method, competence, youth, globalization, student, tutor, teacher, educator, socially active, value.
SEMANTIC FIELDS IN PROVERBS: A CROSS-LINGUISTIC STUDY OF HONOR AND SHAME IN ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN
This article examines the semantic fields of honor and shame as expressed in English and Russian proverbs. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of paremiology and cross-linguistic semantics, the study analyzes how these two moral concepts are encoded, framed, and transmitted through proverbial language in each cultural tradition. The analysis shows that English proverbs tend to present honor as an individual achievement based on personal conduct and reputation, while shame is linked to public exposure and loss of social standing. Russian proverbs, by contrast, frame honor as a collective moral obligation rooted in community values, and shame as a deeply ethical failure that affects both the individual and the group. Despite these cultural differences, both traditions treat honor and shame as central forces that regulate social behavior and guide moral development. The findings suggest that proverbs function as cultural mirrors, reflecting the values and priorities of the societies that produce them.
Proverb, semantic field, honor, shame, cross-linguistic analysis, paremiology, English proverbs, Russian proverbs, moral concepts, cultural values.
THE ROLE OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This article explores the role of formative assessment in developing English language skills among university students. In modern higher education, the shift from traditional summative evaluation to continuous and learner-centered assessment has become increasingly significant. Formative assessment, which includes ongoing feedback, self-assessment, and peer evaluation, plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ linguistic competence. The study examines how formative assessment strategies contribute to the improvement of key language skills, namely reading, writing, listening, and speaking. It also analyzes the impact of timely feedback on student motivation, autonomy, and academic performance. The findings suggest that formative assessment creates a supportive learning environment, promotes active student engagement, and leads to measurable progress in language proficiency. The article concludes that integrating formative assessment into English language teaching can significantly improve the overall effectiveness of instruction at the university level.
formative assessment, English language teaching, communicative competence, higher education, feedback, student autonomy, language skills, EFL learners
THE USE OF INTERACTIVE METHODS IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
The article analyses the pedagogical effectiveness of interactive methods in developing English communicative competence among university students. The study is grounded in communicative language teaching, competence-based education and learner-centred methodology. It combines international and Uzbekistan-related contextual data with an illustrative quasi-experimental classroom model for first-year university students. The statistical section demonstrates how role-play, pair and group work, problem-based discussions, project presentations and digital collaboration can be assessed through pre-test and post-test indicators. The model results show that systematic use of interactive tasks may increase students’ overall communicative performance from 60.8 to 75.5 points, while traditional instruction produces a smaller gain from 60.5 to 65.4 points. The findings indicate that interactive methods are especially effective for improving speaking fluency, strategic interaction, vocabulary activation and learner motivation. The article offers a practical methodological model for integrating interactive tasks into English courses at higher education institutions.
Communicative competence, interactive methods, English language teaching, university students, speaking skills, role-play, project-based learning, higher education.
PRAGMATIC RECONSTRUCTION OF AUTHORIAL RESTRAINT IN ENGLISH-UZBEK LITERARY TRANSLATION
This article examines the reconstruction of authorial restraint in English-Uzbek literary translation. The study focuses on three closely related stylistic markers: syntactic economy, repetition, and silence. These features are often regarded as formal elements of literary style; however, in narrative discourse they may also convey emotional suppression, social distance, psychological pressure, moral uncertainty, and cultural norms of self-control. The article argues that literal reproduction is not always sufficient for preserving authorial restraint in Uzbek translation. Instead, translators need to identify the pragmatic function of each marker and recreate its effect through functionally appropriate target-language means. The research employs a qualitative cognitive-pragmatic approach based on illustrative English literary micro-contexts and their Uzbek translation variants. The findings show that excessive explicitation, stylistic smoothing, and emotional intensification can weaken the authorial voice. Syntactic brevity should be retained where it represents restraint; repetition should be preserved where it creates duration or psychological pressure; and silence should not be replaced by explanatory commentary. The article proposes a functional model of pragmatic reconstruction that may be applied in English-Uzbek literary translation and translator training.
Authorial restraint; English-Uzbek translation; syntactic economy; repetition; silence; pragmatic meaning; literary discourse; translation strategy.
USING DATA ANALYSIS TO IMPROVE THE TEACHING OF RESEARCH WRITING
This paper looks at four types of data analysis—Descriptive, Diagnostic, Predictive, and Prescriptive—and how they can be used to teach research writing. These methods help teachers understand student performance, identify challenges, predict future outcomes, and suggest ways to improve writing skills. By using these methods, teachers can better support students in becoming better writers.
Data analysis, descriptive analysis, diagnostic analysis, predictive analysis, prescriptive analysis.
THE ARAL SEA PROBLEM AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES
The desiccation of the Aral Sea represents one of the most catastrophic anthropogenic environmental disasters of the modern era. Formerly the world's fourth-largest inland body of water, the sea has shrunk to less than 10% of its original surface area within six decades. This study investigates the systemic ecological degradation of the Aral Sea basin, driven by Soviet-era macroeconomic cotton-monoculture planning and exacerbated by contemporary water management paradigms. Utilizing a comprehensive mixed-methods approach integrating satellite remote sensing analysis, historical hydrometric data, and synthesis of regional socio-economic reports, we trace the evolutionary collapse of the lacustrine ecosystem.
Aral Sea Desiccation, Anthropogenic Deserts, Aralkum, Transboundary Water Management, Eco-hydrology, Central Asia.
INTEGRATING TPR, CLIL, AND NARRATIVE-BASED INSTRUCTION TO DEVELOP COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN PRIMARY EFL LEARNERS: EVIDENCE FROM A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Driven by globalization and the demands of cross-border communication, modern education systems are fundamentally rethinking how foreign languages are taught. Today, the core objective of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction for young learners is no longer rote memorization, but the development of genuine communicative competence. This study designs, implements, and empirically tests an integrated pedagogical framework that weaves together Total Physical Response (TPR), Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), and narrative-based techniques to boost young learners' communicative abilities through contextualized vocabulary instruction. Employing a quasi-experimental design, we worked with 60 primary school students (aged 7–10) divided equally into an experimental and a control group. Over a 12-week intervention, data were gathered using a mixed-methods approach, including pre- and post-tests, structured speaking tasks, listening comprehension assessments, systematic classroom observations, and learner motivation questionnaires. The quantitative and qualitative findings reveal that the experimental group achieved statistically significant gains in vocabulary retention, speaking fluency, and listening comprehension compared to their peers in the control group. Beyond purely linguistic growth, the multimodal nature of this approach triggered a powerful synergistic effect, noticeably driving up cognitive engagement and intrinsic motivation. Ultimately, this study contributes a theoretically grounded, empirically validated model to the field of instructed second language acquisition, balancing input, interaction, and output. It offers practical, actionable insights for primary school teachers, curriculum developers, and educational policymakers navigating early language education.
Communicative competence, vocabulary instruction, primary education, EFL learners, CLIL, TPR, narrative approach, language pedagogy.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INTERNATIONALIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN DEVELOPING KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
The internationalization of higher education institutions has become a strategic priority in the contemporary globalized educational world. Internationalization facilitates academic mobility, intercultural communication, exchange of knowledge, and the development of essential competencies required in the twenty-first century. This article explores the significance of higher education internationalization in enhancing students’ knowledge and skills. Through a review of existing literature and theoretical perspectives, the study examines how international collaboration, student and staff mobility programs and cross-cultural experiences contribute to academic excellence and professional competence.
Higher education internationalization, knowledge development, skill development, international mobility, intercultural competence, higher education.
LINGUOCULTURAL ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL CONCEPTS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
Language serves not only as a means of communication but also as a repository of a nation's cultural values, traditions, worldview, and collective memory. Linguoculturology, which examines the relationship between language and culture, provides an effective framework for analyzing national concepts embedded in linguistic consciousness. This study explores the linguocultural characteristics of national concepts in the Uzbek language and investigates their role in reflecting the cultural identity of the Uzbek people. Particular attention is paid to culturally significant concepts such as homeland, family, hospitality, respect, honor, and spirituality, which occupy a central place in the Uzbek linguistic worldview. The research analyzes the semantic structure, cultural meanings, and linguistic representation of these concepts in proverbs, idioms, literary texts, and everyday communication. Using descriptive, comparative, and linguocultural methods, the study reveals how national concepts preserve cultural knowledge and transmit social values across generations. The findings demonstrate that national concepts constitute an essential component of the Uzbek linguistic picture of the world and play a significant role in maintaining cultural continuity and national identity in the context of globalization.
Linguoculturology, national concepts, Uzbek language, cultural identity, linguistic worldview, cultural semantics, ethnolinguistics, conceptual analysis, language and culture, national values.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Phraseological units constitute one of the most expressive and culturally significant layers of language. They reflect the historical experience, traditions, values, and worldview of a particular nation. Unlike ordinary lexical units, phraseological expressions possess figurative meanings that cannot always be understood through the meanings of their individual components. As a result, phraseology occupies an important place in linguistic studies, particularly in comparative linguistics, translation studies, and intercultural communication.
communication, literature, journalism, and public discourse
SOCIO-PEDAGOGICAL APPROACHES IN TRAINING FUTURE TEACHERS THROUGH PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND PRACTICAL PROSPECTS
This article provides a theoretical analysis of socio-pedagogical approaches used in preparing future primary school teachers to apply problem-based learning (PBL) mechanisms in the subject of upbringing. The impact of PBL on students' socialization, development of professional-social competencies, interpersonal communication skills, and civic position is examined. Based on local and international scholarly sources and practical methodologies, a theoretical model and specific methods for enhancing the socio-pedagogical readiness of future teachers are proposed.
Socio-pedagogical approaches, problem-based learning, future teachers, professional training, socialization, upbringing subject, PBL, case-study, reflection, collaborative learning.
FEATURES OF THE ART SPACE IN THE NOVEL "BRISBANE" BY E. G. VODOLAZKIN
The article discusses the features of the artistic space in the novel "Brisbane" by E. Vodolazkin, embodied in the spatial oppositions: "Russia - Europe", "Russia - Ukraine", "Kiev - St. Petersburg". Detailed topography in the novel appears when describing an alien space, the topographic images connected by the metaspace of Brisbane are analyzed.
Evgeny Vodolazkin's work, Russia, Ukraine, Germany, Italy, Australia, artistic space, topographic images.
THE MOTIF OF "DUPLICITY" AS A PLOT AND COMPOSITIONAL RECEPTION IN E. VODOLAZKIN'S NOVEL "THE AVIATOR
The article analyzes the novel "The Aviator" by the modern Russian writer E.G. Vodolazkin. The functional significance of the theme of flight, the system of doubles, as well as the space of the game is studied in detail.
THE SPECIFICS OF MEDIA DISCOURSE: CONCEPT, STRUCTURE, AND LINGUISTIC FEATURES
This article is devoted to the topical issue of studying the specifics of media discourse. The article’s aim is to study the concept and essence of this phenomenon. The research methods were the following: analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of terms and concepts, induction, deduction and generalization of analytical conclusions. The article’s author comes to the conclusion that discourse combines the verbal component of communication and its extralinguistic elements of a socio-cultural and context-situational nature. There are many classifications of discourse types, however, uniform and clear criteria demonstrating the distinction between one type and another have not yet been developed in linguistics. Journalistic discourse is a dynamic, active, constantly changing type of discourse. It is based on real events and phenomena occurring in the life of society, reflects specific actions in a certain period of time. A journalistic text implies a consistent presentation of theses, supported by convincing arguments (facts and examples). These theses must have a logical agreement so that the audience (readers or listeners) can form their own opinion on the basis of adequately perceived information. In journalistic texts, socio-political vocabulary is used, which is distinguished by its logic, reasoning, emotionality, as well as the evaluative nature of judgments and motivation.
LINGUOCULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RIDDLES FORMED ON THE BASIS OF THE LEXEME WIND
This article investigates the linguocultural characteristics of riddles formed on the basis of the lexeme wind. As a natural phenomenon, wind occupies a significant place in human life, folklore, and cultural consciousness. Wind-related riddles reflect not only the observable properties of wind but also the symbolic, cognitive, and cultural meanings associated with movement, power, freedom, and change. The study examines the semantic structure, figurative representation, symbolic interpretation, and cultural significance of wind-based riddles. The findings demonstrate that such riddles serve as an important means of preserving traditional knowledge and expressing the linguistic worldview of a community.
Linguoculturology, riddle, wind, lexeme, folklore, symbolism, linguistic worldview, culture, cognition.
THE FUNCTION OF DEMONIC AND SUPERNATURAL IMAGES IN BRYUSOV'S ARTISTIC WORLD
This article examines the function of demonic and supernatural images in the artistic world of Valery Bryusov. The article analyzes how demonic motives, mystical essences and images of another world are used by the author to reveal philosophical, psychological and aesthetic ideas. Special attention is paid to the role of the supernatural as a means of modeling alternative reality and expressing the crisis of human personality in the era of modernism. The study shows that Bryusov's demonic images perform not only an artistic, but also a philosophical function.
Demonic images, supernatural, symbolism, Valery Bryusov, Russian literature, mysticism, modernism, art world, alternative reality, psychology, philosophy, symbol
USING MOBILE APPLICATIONS FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING
The proliferation of mobile technology has redefined the boundaries of language learning. This article examines the role, effectiveness, and evolving impact of mobile applications in language education, highlighting their influence on learners, teachers, and the global landscape of communication. Drawing on contemporary research and relevant examples, the discussion investigates mobile learning (m-learning) theories, educational benefits, pedagogical shifts, motivational aspects, inclusivity, and potential drawbacks. The paper concludes with an assessment of current trends and an outline for future advances, arguing for an integrated approach between mobile technology and human-driven pedagogies.
Mobile learning, language acquisition, educational technology, m-learning, digital literacy, language apps, motivation, self-directed study, communicative competence, mobile-assisted language learning.
THE CONCEPT OF DEVELOPING STUDENTS’ CRITICAL THINKING COMPETENCE BASED ON A DISCURSIVE-CRITICAL APPROACH
This article discusses the concept of developing students’ critical thinking competence through a discursive-critical approach in English language teaching. The paper analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of critical thinking, discourse analysis, communicative competence and task-based learning. Special attention is paid to the relationship between discourse, context, argumentation, reflection and independent judgment. The article substantiates that a discursive-critical approach enables students to analyze texts, identify implicit meanings, evaluate arguments, understand the author’s position and express their own reasoned viewpoints in English. A conceptual model based on awareness, analysis, evaluation, argumentation and reflective conclusion is proposed as an effective methodological basis for developing students’ critical thinking competence.
Critical thinking, critical thinking competence, discursive-critical approach, discourse analysis, English language teaching, argumentation, reflection, communicative competence, task-based learning.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DERIVATIONAL MORPHOLOGY IN UZBEK AND KOREAN: AFFIXATION PATTERNS AND WORD-FORMATION MECHANISMS
This paper examines derivational morphology in Uzbek and Korean from a comparative perspective. Both languages belong to the agglutinative type and exhibit productive word-formation mechanisms based primarily on affixation. The study focuses on the structural and semantic characteristics of derivational processes, including suffixation, compounding, and lexical derivation. Although Uzbek and Korean share typological similarities, they differ in the productivity of derivational affixes and the role of compounding. The findings demonstrate that suffixation is the dominant mechanism in both languages, while compound formation is considerably more productive in Korean. The study contributes to comparative linguistics and provides insights into word-formation patterns in agglutinativelanguages.
Derivational morphology, word formation, affixation, Korean language, lexical, derivation, Uzbek language, agglutinative languages, compounding.
HISTORY OF FORMATION OF MULTINATIONALITY IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES
This article examines the process of multi-ethnicity in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan in Central Asia. It systematically studies the migration and settlement of minorities and peoples to countries since ancient times. The fate of the small number of nationalities who migrated to the countries and the main factors that led to the provision of interethnic stability are outlined. In order to substantiate the research, the Baltic and German diasporas formed in Uzbekistan were mentioned. The migration of Ukrainians to Kazakhstan will be analyzed. Some aspects of the state policy on interethnic stability in Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan since 1991 are presented.
Interethnic, immigration, stability, national centers, tolerance solidarity, diaspora, public diplomacy, polo ethnic, minority peoples.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES IN THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR IMPACT ON YOUTH UPBRINGING
This article is devoted to an in-depth scientific, pedagogical, and sociological analysis of the impact of innovative approaches introduced in the system of educational and enlightenment organizations on the upbringing of youth, their spiritual and moral character, and social activity. The research reveals the necessity of transitioning from traditional upbringing methods to interactive, digital, and psychologically grounded new methods in modern educational institutions. In particular, innovative technologies such as gamification, intellectual tournaments, project-based learning, and the humanization of administrative relations are analyzed. The article details international and national experiences, including the practice of organizing the socio-cultural life of students in higher educational institutions, and develops scientifically based proposals for forming responsibility and values among the youth.
Innovative approach, educational organizations, youth upbringing, gamification, intellectual games, social activity, student attendance, psychological motivation.
ISSUES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ONLINE ADVERTISING
This article analyzes the pressing problems of legal regulation of online advertising. The study examines the legislative framework in the field of advertising in the Republic of Uzbekistan and foreign countries, reviews current trends in regulating online advertising activities, and develops practical proposals and recommendations for improving the national legal system. The theoretical and practical aspects of regulating legal relations in the field of internet advertising within the digital economy are explored.
Online advertising, internet marketing, legal regulation, advertising legislation, digital economy, consumer rights, deceptive advertising, targeted advertising.
Mamajonov Muxammadsobir Kutfitdin oʻgʻli
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO RETELLING ACTIVITY ON FLUENCY DEVELOPMENT AMONG INTERMEDIATE UZBEK EFL LEARNERS
Developing speaking fluency is one of the most difficult parts of learning English as a foreign language (EFL). Many Uzbek learners have enough education of grammar and vocabulary but they often find it hard to express their ideas smoothly and confidently. This study investigates the effectiveness of video retelling activities in improving speaking fluency among intermediate Uzbek EFL learners. The research involved ten intermediate-level students who participated in video retelling activities in four weeks. Students watched short English videos and retold the content in their own words. Data were collected through pre-activity and post-activity speaking assessments as well as questionnaire. The results showed noticeable improvements in fluency, confidence, and speaking performance. The findings suggest that video retelling can be an effective and engaging technique for enhancing speaking skills in EFL classrooms.
Video retelling, speaking fluency, EFL learners, English language learning, Uzbekistan.