Web of Discoveries: Journal of Analysis and Inventions
Web of Discoveries: Journal of Analysis and Inventions focuses on the novel technologies and/or approaches to provide and characterize chemical and biological and applied sciences. The journal focuses on the discoveries, studies, analysis and inventions in biological and applied sciences with a scientific rigor and impact on the research that: Enables and improves the target validation Evaluates current applications and technologies Provides novel research tools and methodologies Carry out the analysis and inventions Incorporates research approaches that enhance the depth of knowledge and applications Success discovery The journal is international and interdisciplinary, inviting contributions from across the globe and from various academic disciplines. Special issues are often devoted to specific emerging areas of study with guest editors assisting in the editorial process. Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-3773 IFSIJ JIF: 7.825 Journal Abbreviation: Web discov.
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING: A METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR NON-NATIVE LEARNERS AT HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into foreign language education represents one of the most dynamic and consequential developments in contemporary applied linguistics. This article presents a methodological framework for the systematic incorporation of AI tools—including intelligent chatbots, neural network-based text generators, corpus technologies, and adaptive learning platforms—into the teaching of Russian as a foreign and second language (RFL/RSL) at the university level. Drawing on a mixed-methods study conducted over two academic semesters with undergraduate students at Jizzakh State Pedagogical University (Uzbekistan), the research examines the pedagogical potential and practical limitations of AI-assisted language instruction across four core competency areas: lexical-grammatical acquisition, communicative competence, reading comprehension, and writing skills. The results demonstrate that a balanced integration of AI tools with traditional communicative approaches produces statistically significant improvements in grammatical accuracy (p < 0.01) and learner motivation, while also revealing important challenges related to academic integrity, cultural-contextual gaps in AI-generated content, and the preservation of authentic human communicative practice. The article proposes a three-tier methodological model—diagnostic, instructional, and evaluative—adapted specifically for the Central Asian educational context, and provides concrete recommendations for curriculum designers and practitioners working with A1–B2 level learners.
Artificial intelligence in education; Russian as a foreign language; language teaching methodology; adaptive learning; communicative competence; higher education; Uzbekistan.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRITOURISM IN BUSTONLIQ DISTRICT
This article examines the prospects for the development of agritourism in Bustonliq District, one of the most attractive natural and recreational regions of Uzbekistan. The study highlights the significance of agritourism in supporting rural economic growth, increasing employment opportunities, preserving national traditions, and promoting sustainable tourism. The article also analyzes the natural resources, agricultural potential, and tourism infrastructure of Bustonliq District. Particular attention is given to the opportunities and challenges associated with the development of agritourism in the region. Recommendations for improving infrastructure, attracting investments, and enhancing local participation are provided. The research emphasizes that agritourism can become an important factor in strengthening the socio-economic development of rural areas while simultaneously promoting ecological sustainability and cultural heritage.
Agritourism, rural tourism, Bustonliq District, sustainable development, agriculture, tourism infrastructure, eco-tourism, rural economy, cultural heritage, Uzbekistan
INTERNATIONAL IMAGE OF CENTRAL ASIA AND UZBEKISTAN
The article examines the international image of Central Asia and Uzbekistan in the context of contemporary transformations in world politics and regional development. Particular attention is paid to the fact that in the twenty-first century the power of a state is determined not only by its military, economic or resource potential, but also by its reputation, foreign-policy legitimacy, investment attractiveness, cultural influence and diplomatic reliability. The paper analyzes the changing international perception of Central Asia: from earlier stereotypes associated with closed political systems, raw-material dependence, transport isolation and geopolitical rivalry among major powers, toward a new image of the region as an important transport and logistics hub, a source of energy and raw materials, a space of demographic growth, multi-vector diplomacy and regional integration.
International image, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, regional integration, foreign policy, multi-vector diplomacy, transport corridors, investment attractiveness, cultural diplomacy, geopolitics, regional cooperation, reforms.
BIOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE COMBINED USE OF CHITOSAN AND WHEY POWDER FOR MANAGING METABOLIC PROCESSES IN BROILER CHICKENS: AN EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS-BASED APPROACH
This article presents a revised biochemical interpretation of experimental data on the combined use of chitosan and whey powder in broiler chickens. During a 42-day observation period in Ross 308 broilers, live weight dynamics, feed conversion, selected blood biochemical parameters, and the functional condition of the intestinal environment were evaluated. The findings indicate that the combined additive produced a more stable anabolic and sorption-metabolic effect than the separate use of chitosan or whey powder. In particular, the experimental combination group demonstrated an 8-12% higher live weight than the control, a 6-9% improvement in feed conversion, and physiologically favorable shifts in markers related to protein and energy metabolism. These data support the view that chitosan modulates the intestinal environment, whereas whey powder provides rapidly utilizable protein and lactose substrates, resulting in a synergistic metabolic response.
Broiler chickens, chitosan, whey powder, metabolism, protein turnover, feed conversion, biochemical indicators, intestinal microbiota.
EFFECT OF THE CHITOSAN AND WHEY POWDER COMBINATION ON PROTEIN METABOLISM AND AMINO ACID ABSORPTION IN BROILER CHICKS
This study evaluated the effect of a chitosan and whey powder combination on protein metabolism, amino acid absorption, and intestinal barrier function in broiler chicks. Along with the unsupplemented control group, the trial compared diets containing 0.2% chitosan, 5% whey powder, and the combined supplementation. The results demonstrated that the combined additive increased serum total protein, albumin, and free amino acid fractions, enhanced intestinal proteolytic activity, and improved enteral amino acid utilization. The combined treatment showed greater efficacy than either component alone and contributed to improved protein synthesis and growth performance.
Chitosan, whey powder, broiler chicks, protein metabolism, amino acid absorption, total protein, albumin, protease, intestinal microbiota, nutraceutical additive.
KARAKALPAKS IN RUSSIAN MILITARY-HISTORICAL LITERATURE OF THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE 19TH CENTURY
This article examines information about the Karakalpaks reflected in the works of the participants of the Khiva campaign in the 19th century. It highlights the scientific research conducted by A.N. Glukhovsky, A.V. Kaulbars, M.N. Bogdanov, I.I. Krauze, and A.L. Kun. Special attention is given to the settlement territory of the Karakalpaks, their economic activities, lifestyle, ethnographic characteristics, and historical events. The article also analyzes materials related to cattle breeding, fishing, agriculture, housing construction, and the socio-economic life of the population of the Khiva Khanate. The importance of manuscripts and archival documents collected by A.L. Kun as valuable sources on the history and ethnography of the Karakalpak people is emphasized. The study concludes that the literature of the 19th century serves as an important source for understanding the culture, lifestyle, and history of the Karakalpak people.
Karakalpaks, Khiva campaign, Khiva Khanate, A.L. Kun, M.N. Bogdanov, I.I. Krauze, ethnography, Amu Darya, Kungrad, historical sources, expedition, economic activity, archival documents, 19th century.
CODE-SWITCHING IN UZBEKISTAN: CULTURAL, SOCIAL, AND LINGUISTIC DIMENSIONS IN COMPARATIVE CONTEXT
This article examines the multifaceted dimensions of code-switching in Uzbekistan, exploring its cultural, social, and linguistic implications within a rapidly evolving multilingual landscape. As the nation navigates the intersection of tradition and modernization, code-switching between Uzbek, Russian, and English serves as a vital communication strategy and a significant social marker of identity and belonging. The study highlights how linguistic choices are deeply intertwined with socio-political history, where Russian remains a lingua franca in urban centers while English gains prominence among younger generations and in globalized sectors.
Uzbekistan, code-switching, multilingualism, cultural identity, social hierarchy, socio-linguistics, Post-Soviet transition, educational context, russian language, english instruction.
NEURAL MACHINE TRANSLATION: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CURRENT CAPABILITIES AND INHERENT LIMITATIONS
This article critically examines the current capabilities and inherent limitations of neural machine translation (NMT). It highlights how advancements in deep learning, particularly transformer architectures and attention mechanisms, have significantly improved translation accuracy, fluency, and contextual understanding. Despite these achievements, NMT systems still face notable challenges, including difficulties with contextual ambiguity, idiomatic expressions, cultural nuances, and low-resource languages. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these systems is highly dependent on the quality and diversity of training data, which can introduce bias and limit generalization. The paper emphasizes the need for continued research into improving contextual awareness, data representation, and hybrid approaches that combine artificial intelligence with human linguistic expertise. Addressing these limitations is essential for developing more reliable, inclusive, and culturally sensitive machine translation systems.
Neural Machine Translation, Artificial Intelligence, Deep Learning, Transformer Models, Attention Mechanism, Language Processing, Translation Accuracy, Data Bias, Linguistic Nuance, Contextual Understanding.
ORIENTATION OF CHILDREN WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENTS TO INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
The education system is becoming increasingly modern, providing equal opportunities for every child. In this context, inclusive education, based on the creation of a convenient and modern system in which every student can realize their potential, is an important issue. This article will examine the basic principles of inclusive education, its challenges, and solutions for integrating children with hearing impairments into inclusive education.
Potential, education, inclusive education, children with disabilities, support, development, accessibility, referral system, strategies, integrative education, principles.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPING INTELLECTUAL COMPETENCE IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE PRESCHOOL EDUCATION TEACHERS
The contemporary landscape of preschool education is characterized by an accelerating demand for educators capable of fostering complex cognitive development, emotional regulation, and creative problem-solving in children from the earliest stages of human formation. This article addresses the persistent disconnect between the academic preparation of future preschool teachers and the multidimensional intellectual demands of contemporary early-childhood pedagogy, and proposes the development of an Integrated Intellectual Competence Framework as a strategic mechanism for the comprehensive professional formation of educators.
Preschool education management, intellectual competence, reflective practice model, competency-based formation.
THE IMAGE OF A WOMAN IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: LINGUOPRAGMATIC ANALYSIS
This article analyzes the linguopragmatic features of the image of a woman in the process of intercultural communication. The study studies the mechanisms of speech strategies, communicative behaviors and stereotypes formed in relation to women in different cultural environments through language. Based on the linguopragmatic approach, the evaluative, emotional and socio-pragmatic functions of the image of a woman are revealed. Also, the use of speech units related to women in different cultures, their communicative purposefulness and contextual variability are analyzed. The results of the study serve to determine the role and significance of the image of a woman in intercultural communication and to provide a deeper understanding of gender-related communicative strategies.
Intercultural communication, linguopragmatics, female image, gender linguistics, speech strategy, communicative behavior, stereotype, pragmatic meaning, context, discourse.
METAPHORICAL EXPRESSION OF THE WOMAN'S IMAGE: LINGUICOGNITIVE APPROACH
This article analyzes the metaphorical expression of the woman's image based on a linguocognitive approach. The study examines the role of metaphor in human thinking, its conceptual nature, and the features of the expression of the woman's image in various semantic and cultural models. In particular, the concept of woman is illuminated through metaphorical structures such as "mother", "element of nature", "embodiment of beauty". The article also analyzes the inextricable connection of these metaphors with gender perceptions and cultural stereotypes in society. The results of the study serve to determine the place of the woman's image in the system of language and thought.
Metaphor, linguocognitive analysis, woman's image, concept, gender linguistics, semantics, thought, cultural model, stereotype, language and consciousness.
THE SHARE OF SMALL BUSINESS IN GDP AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH
This article scientifically analyzes the share of small business in gross domestic product (GDP) and its impact on the country's economic growth. The study examines the experience of developed and developing countries, particularly the indicators of the small business sector in the economy of Uzbekistan. The article quantitatively and qualitatively assesses the contribution of small business to employment, innovation, regional development and export potential. The results of the study can serve as a basis for developing policy recommendations for supporting small business.
(English): Small business, gross domestic product, economic growth, entrepreneurship, economic policy, employment, innovation.
A COMPLEX OF ART FORMS USED IN SHAPING THE ARTISTIC IMAGE OF THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT: SCULPTURE AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL COMPOSITIONS (BASED ON THE CITY OF NAMANGAN)
This article analyzes the role of sculpture and three-dimensional compositions in shaping the artistic image of the urban environment. The study is conducted using the city of Namangan as a case study, specifically analyzing the artistic and spatial organization of Chorsu Square. The research methodology is based on visual analysis, field observations, and a comparison of historical and contemporary urban environments. The results demonstrate that the lack of artistic elements in modern areas reduces the aesthetic quality and social appeal of the environment. The article proposes a conceptual model for the development of public spaces based on interactive art objects.
Urban environment, sculpture, art object, spatial composition, city identity, Namangan.
KITOB DISTRICT TOURISM CAPACITY: VISITORSHIP, AGROTURISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
This article analyzes the tourism potential of Kitab district based on pilgrimage and agrotourism. The natural, geographical, historical and cultural resources of the region are assessed, and strategies for their effective use and sustainable development are proposed. The issues of developing tourism infrastructure and increasing the participation of the local population are also covered.
Kitab district, tourism potential, pilgrimage tourism, agrotourism, sustainable development, tourism infrastructure, local resources, regional development.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DUAL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN TECHNICUM-LEVEL INSTITUTIONS: A COMPETENCY-BASED APPROACH TO INTEGRATING ACADEMIC LEARNING WITH INDUSTRIAL PRACTICE
The contemporary landscape of vocational education is characterized by a growing disconnect between formal academic preparation and the practical competency demands of an increasingly dynamic labor market. This article addresses the structural inefficiency of theory-dominant instruction in technicum-level institutions (TLIs) and proposes the “Dual Education System” as a strategic mechanism for curriculum-practice transformation. By integrating educational institutions, industrial enterprises, and state regulatory bodies into a unified ecosystem, the dual model aims to harmonize learning outcomes with employer expectations and strengthen the long-term employability of graduates.
Vocational education management, dual education system, competency-based approach, technicum-level institutions, workplace learning, public-private partnership.
EFFICIENCY OF FUNDS ALLOCATED TO ENSURE EMPLOYMENT
This article will analyze the issues of improving the efficiency of the funds allocated for the employment of the population and their economic significance. Currently, the country is undergoing a wide range of reforms aimed at increasing population employment, reducing unemployment and expanding citizens ' sources of income. In particular, special attention is paid to ensuring the stability of the labor market by creating new jobs, vocational training, and developing small businesses and private entrepreneurship. At the same time, the effective and targeted allocation of financial resources by the state is one of the main factors determining the effectiveness of these processes. The article examines in depth the mechanisms for financing programs aimed at ensuring employment, the distribution of funds across sectors and regions, and their practical results. The criteria used to assess the effectiveness of allocated funds, as well as the status of monitoring and control systems, will also be analyzed.
Population employment, employment policy, state budget, financial resources, efficiency of funds, job creation, unemployment rate, poverty reduction, social protection, employment programs, economic efficiency, financial mechanisms, territorial development.
GAME-BASED STRATEGIES FOR TEACHING ABSTRACT VOCABULARY TO PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
This scientific article explores the effectiveness of game-based strategies in teaching abstract vocabulary to primary school students. Abstract vocabulary (e.g., justice, courage, freedom, emotion) presents a significant challenge in language education due to its lack of physical referents. Traditional rote-learning methods often fail to provide the deep semantic understanding required for young learners. This paper argues that game-based learning (GBL) bridges the gap between concrete experience and abstract conceptualization by leveraging motivation, context, and social interaction. Through a review of constructivist learning theories (Piaget, Vygotsky) and recent empirical studies, this article identifies key game mechanics—such as role-play, storytelling, and digital gamification—that facilitate comprehension. The findings suggest that when abstract words are embedded in meaningful, playful contexts, primary school students demonstrate higher retention rates, improved pragmatic usage, and increased intrinsic motivation.
Game-based learning, abstract vocabulary, primary education, lexical acquisition, constructivism, motivation.
THE HISTORY OF ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF US DOLLAR EXCHANGE RATE FLUCTUATIONS ON THE NATIONAL CURRENCY MARKET
This article analyzes the history of the impact of the US dollar exchange rate on the national currency market. The research examines the influence of exchange rate fluctuations on economic stability, historical changes, and their consequences. The formation period of the currency market of Uzbekistan and the issues of reducing the level of dollarization are highlighted.
National currency, US dollar, history of the currency market, devaluation, exchange rate fluctuation, inflation, currency reforms, convertibility.
EFFECTIVE AGROTECHNICAL METHODS OF ALMOND GROWING IN ARRID AREAS
This article analyzes modern and effective agrotechnical methods of almond cultivation in arid and water-scarce areas. During the research, the issues of maintaining soil moisture, introducing drip irrigation systems and choosing drought-resistant varieties were studied. Also, scientific conclusions are given on the effect of shaping and fertilizing trees on productivity.
Almond, drought, agrotechnics, drip irrigation, productivity, mulching, soil fertility, water-saving technologies.
DIGITAL ANALYSIS TOOLS FOR TRANSFORMING MANAGEMENT IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The contemporary landscape of vocational education management is characterized by an increasing gap between the volume of institutional data generated daily and the capacity of traditional administrative systems to interpret, synthesize, and act upon that data effectively. This article addresses the structural inefficiency of data-blind governance in vocational education institutions (VEIs) and proposes the “Digital Analytical Management Framework” (DAMF) as a strategic mechanism for evidence-based institutional transformation. By integrating real-time performance dashboards, predictive analytics engines, and competency-tracking platforms into a unified digital ecosystem, the DAMF aims to enhance administrative responsiveness, reduce resource misallocation, and align educational outcomes with labour market demands. The first part of this study critically analyzes the theoretical foundations of data-driven management, drawing upon Total Quality Management (TQM) principles and Evidence-Centered Design (ECD) theory. It establishes the conceptual framework for shifting from a “reactive administration” model to a “predictive governance” model in the management of vocational training institutions across Uzbekistan.
Vocational education management, digital analytical tools, evidence-centered design, data-driven governance, Uzbekistan education reform, competency assessment, institutional analytics, predictive management.
PROJECT-BASED IMPLEMENTATION OF E-LEARNING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING: DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION, AND EVALUATION
The integration of digital technologies into higher education has created new opportunities for improving the quality and flexibility of English language instruction. However, the effectiveness of e-learning largely depends on systematic planning and management rather than the simple use of technological tools. This study aims to examine the design, implementation, and evaluation of an e-learning system for English language teaching using a project-based approach. The research was conducted at a private higher education institution in Tashkent and involved 100 undergraduate students at the B1 level. The e-learning course was developed and managed using the ADDIE instructional design model and implemented as a supplementary component to traditional face-to-face instruction over an eight-week period. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test results, platform activity records, course completion statistics, and a student satisfaction survey.
E-learning, English language teaching, project-based learning, ADDIE model, project management in education, blended learning, higher education, digital learning, student engagement, instructional design.
METHODOLOGY OF DIGITAL ASSESSMENT OF STUDENTS' PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The contemporary landscape of vocational education is characterized by a widening gap between the competencies certified through traditional assessment instruments and the actual professional readiness demanded by employers in rapidly evolving labor markets. This article addresses the systemic inefficiency of conventional, paper-based examination methods in capturing the multidimensional nature of professional competencies and proposes a comprehensive digital assessment methodology as a strategic mechanism for transforming competency evaluation in vocational education institutions (VEIs). By integrating formative digital tools, adaptive testing platforms, and employer-validated competency matrices into a unified assessment ecosystem, the proposed methodology aims to enhance assessment validity, increase transparency of evaluation processes, and align certification outcomes with real-sector workforce requirements. The first part of this study critically analyzes the theoretical foundations of competency-based assessment, drawing upon the Evidence-Centered Design framework and the Constructive Alignment theory. It establishes the conceptual framework for shifting from a summative, knowledge-recall model to a continuous, performance-based digital assessment paradigm that captures both cognitive and applied dimensions of professional competence.
Vocational education management, digital assessment methodology, Evidence-Centered Design, competency-based evaluation, adaptive testing platforms, formative assessment ecosystem, professional competency measurement.
DIDACTIC OPPORTUNITIES OF DUAL EDUCATION IN THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE EDUCATORS: ORGANIZATIONAL AND METHODOLOGICAL MECHANISMS
The contemporary landscape of teacher education in Uzbekistan is characterized by a persistent disconnect between the theoretical preparation of future educators and the practical demands of modern pedagogical environments. This article addresses the structural inefficiencies inherent in the conventional lecture-based model of pedagogical training and proposes dual education as a strategic didactic mechanism for transforming the quality of professional preparation of future educators. By integrating vocational education institutions, general education schools, and pedagogical research centers into a unified ecosystem of competency development, the dual education model aims to bridge the theory-practice divide, enhance graduate employability, and cultivate adaptive pedagogical competencies aligned with twenty-first century educational standards. The first part of this study critically analyzes the didactic foundations of dual education, drawing upon Dewey’s experiential learning theory and the competency-based education framework advanced by European qualification standards. It establishes the conceptual framework for shifting from a knowledge-transmission paradigm to a competency-formation paradigm in the professional training of educators.
Dual education, didactic opportunities, professional training, future educators, competency-based education, experiential learning, vocational education institutions, pedagogical practice.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EXPERIENCE OF ORGANIZING SCHOOL REVIEWS AND COMPETITIONS IN UZBEKISTAN AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES
This article presents a comparative analysis of the organization of school reviews and competitions in Uzbekistan, Finland, South Korea, and Russia. Drawing on regulatory documents, international assessment data (PISA 2022), and scholarly literature, the study identifies the pedagogical conditions, governance mechanisms, and assessment frameworks that underpin each country’s approach to academic olympiads, creative contests, and intellectual competitions in general education schools. The analysis reveals three distinct models: Finland’s non-competitive individual development model, South Korea’s high-stakes competitive model, and Uzbekistan’s hybrid model that combines centralized olympiad governance with diverse creative and intellectual contests. Based on the comparative findings, the article proposes evidence-based recommendations for enhancing Uzbekistan’s competition system through formative assessment integration, project-based competition formats, unified digital portfolios, and expanded international participation.
School review-competition, subject olympiad, general education, comparative analysis, PISA, assessment system, student creativity, gifted education, academic competition governance.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COMPETITION ENVIRONMENT AND QUALITY OF SERVICES: A MICROECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF SERVICE ENTERPRISES
In this scientific article the relationship between the competitive environment and the quality of services in the service market is analyzed from a microeconomic approach. The level of competition between firms in the service market has a direct impact not only on price policy, but also on service quality, innovation and consumer satisfaction. The study conducts a theoretical analysis based on market structure, service differentiation, demand elasticity, and profit maximization model. It is also substantiated that the increase in the quality of service is the main factor forming the competitive advantage.
Competitive environment, quality of service, microeconomic analysis, elasticity of demand, market structure, differentiation.
MECHANISMS OF FORMING AND IMPLEMENTING A STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODEL IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
This article addresses the critical challenge of forming and implementing a strategic management model in vocational education institutions of Uzbekistan, where traditional administrative approaches have proven insufficient for meeting the rapidly evolving demands of the modern labor market. The study critically analyzes the theoretical foundations of strategic management in education, drawing upon Total Quality Management (TQM), the PDCA cycle, and internationally recognized quality assurance frameworks including EQAVET and ISO 21001. The author proposes a structural-functional model comprising institutional-strategic, organizational-structural, and monitoring-evaluative blocks, validated through a quasi-experimental study involving 232 students and 170 administrative leaders across three polytechnics. Results demonstrate a 13.29% increase in education quality indicators in experimental groups and a 15.6% improvement in strategic management competencies among institutional leaders. The article concludes with recommendations for systemic adoption of evidence-based strategic management in vocational education.
strategic management model, vocational education quality, institutional management, PDCA cycle, Total Quality Management, education quality integral indicator, competency-based assessment, labor market alignment.
SUFFIXES は(WA) AND が(GA) IN JAPANESE: ANALYSIS OF SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC DIFFERENCES
This article analyzes the negative impact of several factors on road capacity. The factors causing traffic jams were studied and analyzed based on the results of research and inspections.
Traffic jams, road traffic accidents, research on the impact on capacity, hazards, trees, buildings, winter and summer, driver, sharply limiting capacity, Road surveillance.
MODERN METHODS OF PREVENTING TRAFFIC ON CENTRAL CITY STREETS
JAPANESE FORMS OF "OBLIGATION" AND "ADVICE": ANALYSIS OF SHOULD, MUST, BETTER
This article examines three Japanese grammar forms — 〜べき (should), 〜なければならない (must), 〜ほうがいい (better to). It analyzes their similarities and differences in expressing obligation, recommendation, and advice. The meaning, usage context, and level of formality of each form are illustrated with examples. This article helps learners understand which form is appropriate in different situations and serves as a practical guide for correctly using Japanese grammar forms.
〜べき, 〜なければならない, 〜ほうがいい, obligation, advice, Japanese grammar, semantics, context.