Web of Discoveries: Journal of Analysis and Inventions
Web of Discoveries: Journal of Analysis and Inventions focuses on the novel technologies and/or approaches to provide and characterize chemical and biological and applied sciences. The journal focuses on the discoveries, studies, analysis and inventions in biological and applied sciences with a scientific rigor and impact on the research that: Enables and improves the target validation Evaluates current applications and technologies Provides novel research tools and methodologies Carry out the analysis and inventions Incorporates research approaches that enhance the depth of knowledge and applications Success discovery The journal is international and interdisciplinary, inviting contributions from across the globe and from various academic disciplines. Special issues are often devoted to specific emerging areas of study with guest editors assisting in the editorial process. Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-3773 IFSIJ JIF: 7.825 Journal Abbreviation: Web discov.
ADVANCING THE METHODOLOGY OF FINANCING INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT IN THE RAILWAY TRANSPORT SECTOR
The railway transport sector plays a crucial role in supporting economic growth, regional integration, and sustainable transportation systems. In the modern economy, increasing technological complexity and growing infrastructure demands require substantial financial resources to support innovation and modernization initiatives. Effective financing mechanisms and investment management methodologies are therefore essential for ensuring the long-term competitiveness and sustainability of railway transport systems. This study examines the methodology of financing innovative development and managing investments in the railway transport sector. Particular attention is devoted to investment planning, financial resource allocation, risk management, public-private partnerships, infrastructure financing, and innovation-oriented investment strategies. The study also evaluates international practices in railway investment management and identifies opportunities for improving financial decision-making processes. The findings indicate that successful innovative development of railway transport depends on the integration of strategic investment planning, diversified financing sources, and efficient project management mechanisms. Modern financial instruments, digital technologies, and performance-based investment approaches contribute to improving the effectiveness of railway modernization programs. Furthermore, effective investment governance reduces financial risks and enhances the economic efficiency of infrastructure projects. The study concludes that advancing the methodology of financing innovation and investment management is essential for accelerating technological transformation and improving the operational performance of railway transport systems. Strengthening financial sustainability, expanding investment opportunities, and adopting modern management approaches may significantly contribute to the innovative development of the railway sector.
Railway Transport, Innovation Financing, Investment Management, Infrastructure Development, Public-Private Partnership, Financial Sustainability, Strategic Investment, Transport Economics, Railway Modernization, Innovation Policy.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
THE ROLE OF THE GAMIFICATION METHOD IN IMPROVING LESSON EFFECTIVENESS AND PRACTICAL EXAMPLES
This article scientifically analyzes the role and practical aspects of the gamification (game-based learning) method in improving lesson effectiveness in the modern educational system. It is based on recent research showing how the application of game elements in the learning process affects students’ cognitive, emotional, and motivational aspects. The article presents a classification of gamification elements, their impact on learning outcomes, as well as examples of practical implementation. Special attention is also given to the contradictory results of various studies, which indicates the need for caution when applying the method.
Gamification, game-based learning, lesson effectiveness, learning motivation, educational innovations, gamification elements.
IMPROVEMENT OF MARKETING MECHANISMS IN FARM DEVELOPMENT: MODERN APPROACHES AND PROSPECTS
The article analyzes the theoretical and practical aspects of marketing mechanisms in the development of farms. In particular, the impact of market research, identification of consumer needs, use of digital marketing tools, introduction of e-commerce platforms and diversification of trade channels on the efficiency of farms is highlighted. Also, scientific and practical recommendations have been developed to improve the competitiveness of agricultural products and increase farmers' incomes by improving marketing strategies.
Farm, marketing, marketing strategy, digital marketing, e-commerce, market analysis, branding, trade channels, competitiveness.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A TWO-FLUID TURBULENCE MODEL IN THE COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS SOFTWARE PACKAGE
This article examines the feasibility of implementing a new two-fluid turbulence model in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package. This program is a powerful mathematical tool for solving various CFD engineering problems. One distinguishing feature of this program compared to other similar CFD packages is the ability to implement a new model by writing differential equations directly into mathematics interface. To validate the model, a problem of turbulent flow past a flat plate is considered, and the results are compared with known experimental data presented by NACA.
Turbulent flow, flat plate, two fluid turbulence model, COMSOL Multiphysics, Reynolds number, friction coefficient.
ON THE PROPAGATION OF DIVIMENSIONAL WAVES IN A NONLINEAR ENVIRONMENT
A plane problem is considered regarding the supersonic velocity D of a monotonically killing load along the boundary of a half-plane, the material of which is modeled by an ideal medium possessing nonlinear and plastic properties.
Plane problem, supersonic speed, ideal medium, semi-plane, shock wave, discharge, load profile, stationary and in the discharge region, movable coordinate.
WEED PLANTS IN CUCUMBER FIELDS (CUCUMIS SATIVUS L.)
A quantitative study was conducted on the species composition of weeds in fields planted with cucumbers in the Kibrai District of the Tashkent Region. The dominant weed species, the degree of weed infestation, and their abundance per square metre of land were determined. The Latin names of the weed species are given. The most common weed species are indicated. It is noted that the widespread use of crop rotation in vegetable growing creates certain difficulties in identifying weed species specific to each crop type.
TYPE SELECTION AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF GRANADELLA COMBINATION UNIT
clause reduction results of researches on shall choose types and substantiation of parameters a crest educational of the combined unit for the minimal processing of ground.
Combination unit, a spherical disk, granetelli, the height of the ridge, the transverse profile of the comb, the diameter of the disc, the traction resistance of the working body, the quality of crumbling soil.
In the article given the short review of drying units and described the offered new energy saving up mobile device for drying of grain crops. It is displayed joint applications of two methods of drying of a grain: absorbing and convective. Adducted basis parametres of the device and calculations for power savings of process of drying in the device. It is displayed improvement of physical properties of separate grain crops conducive to power savings of process of drying at use of the given device. Possibility of application alternative to energy for process of drying and advantage of the given device is reduced.
Energy-efficient, the drying device, flowability, porosity, heat conduction, thermal diffusivity, hydraulic conductivity, the reducer, a muff, a belt transmission, a gutter, the screw.
OPTIMIZATION OF MODERN TWO-SPAN TRUSSES USED IN BUILDING STRUCTURES
This article examines the optimization of modern two-span trusses widely used in building structures. The factors affecting geometric parameters, load-bearing capacity, strength, and economic efficiency of trusses are analyzed. The possibilities of applying modern calculation methods and computer software to determine optimal structural solutions are highlighted. The research results contribute to reducing material consumption, improving structural reliability, and optimizing construction costs.
Two-span truss, optimization, building structure, steel structure, strength, deformation, load-bearing capacity, economic efficiency, computer modeling, structural solution.
PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR RAW SILK MEETING QUALITY CLASS 4A REQUIREMENTS IN ACCORDANCE WITH INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS
This article presents the results of research work carried out at the Uzbek Research Institute of Natural Fibers in the field of improving the quality of cocoons from local silkworms, increasing the yield and improving the quality of raw silk that meets the requirements of quality class 4A according to the criteria of international standards. New methods of receiving, transporting, storing and preparing cocoons for unwinding are also presented, ensuring high quality raw silk and reducing the specific consumption of cocoons during their production. The results of industrial testing of new methods in production enterprises are also presented.
Agricultural technology, technology, cocoons, cocoon thread, vacuum steaming, pressure, filling with water, sericin, fibroin, unwinding, thread tension, cocoon reeling, raw silk, quality.
IMPROVING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF FARMING ENTERPRISES THROUGH DIGITAL MARKETING
This article analyzes the economic efficiency of using digital marketing tools in farms, the mechanisms for bringing products to the market, and the role of marketing strategies in increasing competitiveness. Also, scientific and practical proposals for improving the activities of farms based on e-commerce, social networks, branding, and diversification have been developed.
Digital marketing, farm, diversification, e-commerce, marketing strategy, competitiveness, branding, export.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONSTRUCTION OF A SCREW CONVEYER THAT TRANSPORTS AND CLEANS COTTON, JUSTIFICATION OF SCREW PARAMETERS
In this article, the results of the development of the cotton transportation and cleaning screw conveyer construction, and the justification of the screw parameters are presented. Characteristics of interaction with the transported piece of cotton in the movement of the conveyer screw and connection graphs were built. Based on the analysis of the graphs of the parameters, the values of the screw pitch angle that ensure sufficient cleaning efficiency and high productivity have been determined.
Screw conveyer, elevation angle, diameter, radial velocity, mesh surface, holes with a curved surface, friction, mass, inertia, centrifugal force, reaction, air velocity, transportation.
JUSTIFICATION OF PARAMETERS OF COMPONENT ROLLER OF CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION
The article presents the analysis of the amplitude and frequency of oscillations of the composite roller of the transmission chain of the recommended chain transfer. Graphic dependencies are obtained according to the change in the parameters of the chain transfer. The recommended values are given.
Chain transmission, tension roller, composite roller, elastic bushing, angular displacement, vibration frequency, stiffness, wear, noise, frequency, amplitude.
APPLICATION OF CAD TECHNOLOGIES IN ENGINEERING GRAPHICS TRAINING OF STUDENTS IN TECHNICAL SPECIALTIES
The digital transformation of industry and CAD technologies has increased the requirements for engineering education. Modern engineers need skills in digital design, modeling, and technical documentation. This study examines the use of CAD tools in engineering graphics training for students of technical specialties, focusing on Engineering Mechanics and Metal Technology. The roles of AutoCAD and SolidWorks are analyzed in developing graphic competencies, spatial thinking, and digital design skills. The comparison shows that AutoCAD is effective for technical drawing and documentation, while SolidWorks supports advanced 3D modeling and product development. The results confirm that CAD integration improves engineering education quality and strengthens professional competencies in line with industry needs.
Engineering graphics, CAD technologies, AutoCAD, SolidWorks, digital design, 3D modeling, engineering education, professional competencies, spatial thinking.
THE BENIFIST'S AND DEFECTS OF SPECIAL TOOLS ON A COMPACT RING SPINNING MACHINE
The article studies and compares the physical and mechanical properties of carded and combed yarn produced at the factory of the joint venture "Indorama Kokand Tekstil " of the Fergana region and "Pop FEN" of the Namangan region, and at the same time the advantages and disadvantages of a compact installation of a ring spinning machine are studied
Circular spinning machine, compact spinning equipment, classic, re carding system, physical- and mechanical characteristics of thread, stretching pare, width of retting, front cylinder, appearing fibers on the thread.
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION AND LANGUAGE CHANGE IN CONTEMPORARY UZBEK
The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly influenced contemporary language use and communication practices. In the context of the Uzbek language, digital communication through social media platforms, instant messaging applications, online forums, and other internet-based environments has contributed to noticeable linguistic changes. This study examines the impact of digital communication on the lexical, grammatical, stylistic, and pragmatic features of contemporary Uzbek. Particular attention is given to the emergence of neologisms, loanwords, abbreviations, emoji-based expressions, and hybrid language forms that have become widespread in online discourse. The research also explores how digital communication affects language norms, linguistic creativity, and the interaction between standard and non-standard language varieties. Using descriptive and analytical methods, the study highlights the dynamic relationship between technological advancement and language evolution. The findings demonstrate that digital communication serves not only as a medium of information exchange but also as a powerful factor shaping the ongoing development of the Uzbek language in the digital era.
Digital communication, Uzbek language, language change, social media discourse, neologisms, online communication, linguistic innovation, language evolution, internet language, digital linguistics.
EFFECTS OF IMPORTANT REFORMS IN PROTECTING MOTHERHOOD AND CHILDHOOD IN UZBEKISTAN (IN THE CASE OF JIZZAKH REGION)
The issue of maternal and child health has been a central issue in the reforms of the healthcare system in Uzbekistan. Uzbekistan is one of the countries with high fertility rates in the Central Asian region, and children make up a large part of the population. This requires special attention to the work of protecting the birth of a healthy generation by preserving women's health. Along with this, strengthening the material and technical base in this area is also one of the most important issues.
Uzbekistan, Jizzakh region, Reproductive health, Women, Healthy generation, motherhood and childhood, International Charity Fund, Perinatal Center,
THE IMPACT OF CHATGPT-ASSISTED SPEAKING PRACTICE ON SPEAKING CONFIDENCE AMONG UZBEK EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
This article examines the use of AI, particularly ChatGPT which is the most well-known AI tool. The study shows the effect of using one-to-one speaking function of ChatGPT on improving speaking level of English learners. Using opinions of a number of Uzbek students, the author demonstrates the effect that AI-assisted speaking has on various English learners. English learners of different levels reacted similar to the use of AI-assisted speaking practice. The findings indicated that, while AI can be a good speaking partner as the speech it provides is quite fluent, it lacks clearness and reliability. In order to use ChatGPT effectively to improve English speaking skills, a student should give the correct command, control the practicing process and do not fully rely on the feedback of ChatGPT. The results highlight that AI-based feedback on speaking practice cannot be trusted fully, a student should always ask for constructive feedback for their speech from English teachers with high level of speaking in English.
ChatGPT assist, speaking practice, different levels, AI-based feedback, correct command, constructive feedback, English teachers.
ECONOMIC FOUNDATIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL BUSINESS
Small businesses are the main link in the national economy. At the same time, they play an important role not only in the national economy, but also in the social sphere. The article examines the microeconomic foundations of the sustainable development of small businesses.
Entrepreneurship, sustainable development, export, competition policy, competitiveness, income diversification, short-term profit, scientific and technical potential, labor resources.
NATIONAL-CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PEJORATIVE UNITS IN THE UZBEK AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES AND THEIR TRANSLATION USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
This article examines the national-cultural features of pejorative units in the Uzbek and Russian languages, as well as the problems of their translation using artificial intelligence technologies. The pragmatic, semantic, and linguocultural characteristics of negatively evaluative vocabulary are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the difficulties of conveying emotional coloring, irony, and cultural connotations in neural machine translation systems. Based on material from Uzbek and Russian, typical errors made by AI translators in interpreting pejorative expressions are identified. The research employs comparative, contextual, and linguopragmatic methods of analysis. As a result, the necessity of considering cultural context and pragmatic intention in the development of intelligent translation systems is substantiated.
Pejorative vocabulary, linguoculturology, artificial intelligence, machine translation, pragmatics, connotation, expressiveness.
EFFECTIVE USE OF EXCEL AND POWER BI TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN DATA ANALYTICS
This article examines the role, capabilities, and practical applications of Microsoft Excel and Power BI technologies in modern data analytics. As digital transformation continues to accelerate across industries, organizations increasingly face the challenge of collecting, processing, and analyzing large volumes of data to support effective decision-making. Consequently, the importance of advanced data management and visualization tools has grown significantly. The study explores the capabilities of Microsoft Excel in data processing, statistical analysis, financial modeling, and workflow automation. Furthermore, it analyzes the role of Power BI as a Business Intelligence (BI) platform, emphasizing its ability to create interactive dashboards, support real-time monitoring, and generate analytical insights through advanced data visualization and artificial intelligence features. The findings indicate that the integrated use of Excel and Power BI enhances organizational efficiency in data management, accelerates decision-making processes, and contributes to the optimization of business operations. The article highlights the growing significance of these technologies in the era of data-driven decision-making and digital transformation.
Data Analytics, Business Intelligence, Microsoft Excel, Power BI, Data Visualization, Dashboard, Power Query, DAX, Digital Transformation, Big Data, Data-Driven Decision Making.
PHYTONEMATODES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON ONION CROPS IN THE SAMARKAND REGION
This study is aimed at determining the composition of phytonematodes and their ecological groups found in onion (Allium cepa) crops grown in the Darkhan district of the Akdarya district of the Samarkand region. Soil samples were taken from a depth of 15–30 cm and analyzed using route, funnel (Baermann), and incubation methods. As a result of the study, more than 300 nematodes were identified, which were divided into ecological groups such as polytrofes, eusaprobionts, devisaprobionts, and phytohelminths. The most common species are Panagrolaimus rigidus and Aphelenchus avenae, which play an important role in the agro-ecosystem. The research results are of great importance for monitoring nematodes in onion crops and developing control measures against them.
Akdarya (Darkhan), phytonematoda, Allium cepa, Panagrolaimus rigidus, Aphelenchus avenae .
WAYS TO DEVELOP CREATIVITY QUALITIES IN STUDENTS
This article examines the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to developing creativity qualities in university students. The study analyses the conditions necessary for establishing a creative educational environment and identifies the key personal qualities characteristic of creative thinkers. Drawing on the works of Patti Drapeau and other leading researchers in the field, the article presents four evidence-based ways to cultivate creative thinking skills: forming creative thinking skills through the use of action-oriented verbs, developing practical creative skills through interactive methods, organizing creative activity processes, and applying creative products as learning outcomes. Special attention is given to the neurological basis of creative thinking, the role of the teacher in fostering a psychologically safe and stimulating classroom environment, and the importance of collaborative group work. The article also discusses the factors that hinder the development of creativity and proposes practical recommendations for integrating creative approaches into higher education pedagogy. The findings suggest that creative thinking can be developed as a sustainable habit when appropriate pedagogical conditions are systematically created and maintained.
Creativity, creative thinking, higher education, pedagogical environment, creative skills development, student creativity, innovative teaching methods, creative habits, collaborative learning, educational psychology.
OUTSOURCING IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY OF UZBEKISTAN: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS
This article looks at what outsourcing is, how it works, and why it matters for hotels and tourism companies. We also look at how outsourcing is developing in Uzbekistan right now. The paper is based on existing research and official data. We find that outsourcing has real benefits for the hospitality sector but there are also problems that need to be solved before it can grow properly in our country.
Outsourcing, outstaffing, freelancing, hospitality, tourism, Uzbekistan, BPO.
Akdarya (Darkhan), phytonematoda, Allium cepa, Panagrolaimus rigidus, Aphelenchus avenae.
THE COGNITIVE ECOLOGY OF COLOUR METAPHORS: FROM PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TO ABSTRACT CONCEPTUALIZATION IN ENGLISH
Colour metaphors in English (e.g., “seeing red,” “feeling blue”) are widespread and may reflect how bodily colour responses—such as arousal and attention shifts—become abstract meanings within a cognitive ecology shaped by embodied and environmental interaction. This study synthesizes physiological, psychological, and linguistic evidence through a systematic literature review of empirical work on colour–emotion links, metaphor interpretation, grounded cognition, and contextual moderators. Overall, the findings suggest relatively strong support for red-related metaphors (consistent with attentional and arousal biases), while “blue sadness” appears less robust and more context-dependent, with greater variability as colour meanings extend into abstract domains. These results frame colour metaphors as an ecological bridge between body and mind, with implications for psychological assessment and cross-cultural communication, and point to future work using real-time linguistic data.
Colour metaphors, cognitive ecology, embodied cognition, emotion associations, abstract conceptualization.
PAPER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FROM CORN AND IT’S PROSPECTS AND BENEFITS
This article analyzes the technology for producing paper from corn (Zea mays L.), its environmental advantages, and economic prospects. Currently, the widespread use of wood in paper production is reducing forest resources and disrupting the ecological balance. Therefore, the use of fast-growing and regenerative plants as an alternative raw material has become a pressing issue.During the research, cellulose fibers were extracted from corn stalks through chemical treatment (using NaOH and H2O2) to produce high-quality, smooth, and environmentally friendly paper samples. The results showed that corn waste has great potential as a cheap, widespread, and renewable raw material. This technology serves to reduce tree felling, efficiently utilize waste, and ensure environmental sustainability. In the future, producing paper based on corn will be economically beneficial and environmentally friendly.
Corn (Zea mays L.), cellulose, lignin, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), renewable resources, biomass, waste.
INTEGRATING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE TEACHING: A METHODOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK FOR NON-NATIVE LEARNERS AT HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies into foreign language education represents one of the most dynamic and consequential developments in contemporary applied linguistics. This article presents a methodological framework for the systematic incorporation of AI tools—including intelligent chatbots, neural network-based text generators, corpus technologies, and adaptive learning platforms—into the teaching of Russian as a foreign and second language (RFL/RSL) at the university level. Drawing on a mixed-methods study conducted over two academic semesters with undergraduate students at Jizzakh State Pedagogical University (Uzbekistan), the research examines the pedagogical potential and practical limitations of AI-assisted language instruction across four core competency areas: lexical-grammatical acquisition, communicative competence, reading comprehension, and writing skills. The results demonstrate that a balanced integration of AI tools with traditional communicative approaches produces statistically significant improvements in grammatical accuracy (p < 0.01) and learner motivation, while also revealing important challenges related to academic integrity, cultural-contextual gaps in AI-generated content, and the preservation of authentic human communicative practice. The article proposes a three-tier methodological model—diagnostic, instructional, and evaluative—adapted specifically for the Central Asian educational context, and provides concrete recommendations for curriculum designers and practitioners working with A1–B2 level learners.
Artificial intelligence in education; Russian as a foreign language; language teaching methodology; adaptive learning; communicative competence; higher education; Uzbekistan.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRITOURISM IN BUSTONLIQ DISTRICT
This article examines the prospects for the development of agritourism in Bustonliq District, one of the most attractive natural and recreational regions of Uzbekistan. The study highlights the significance of agritourism in supporting rural economic growth, increasing employment opportunities, preserving national traditions, and promoting sustainable tourism. The article also analyzes the natural resources, agricultural potential, and tourism infrastructure of Bustonliq District. Particular attention is given to the opportunities and challenges associated with the development of agritourism in the region. Recommendations for improving infrastructure, attracting investments, and enhancing local participation are provided. The research emphasizes that agritourism can become an important factor in strengthening the socio-economic development of rural areas while simultaneously promoting ecological sustainability and cultural heritage.
Agritourism, rural tourism, Bustonliq District, sustainable development, agriculture, tourism infrastructure, eco-tourism, rural economy, cultural heritage, Uzbekistan
INTERNATIONAL IMAGE OF CENTRAL ASIA AND UZBEKISTAN
The article examines the international image of Central Asia and Uzbekistan in the context of contemporary transformations in world politics and regional development. Particular attention is paid to the fact that in the twenty-first century the power of a state is determined not only by its military, economic or resource potential, but also by its reputation, foreign-policy legitimacy, investment attractiveness, cultural influence and diplomatic reliability. The paper analyzes the changing international perception of Central Asia: from earlier stereotypes associated with closed political systems, raw-material dependence, transport isolation and geopolitical rivalry among major powers, toward a new image of the region as an important transport and logistics hub, a source of energy and raw materials, a space of demographic growth, multi-vector diplomacy and regional integration.
International image, Central Asia, Uzbekistan, regional integration, foreign policy, multi-vector diplomacy, transport corridors, investment attractiveness, cultural diplomacy, geopolitics, regional cooperation, reforms.