Web of Discoveries: Journal of Analysis and Inventions
Web of Discoveries: Journal of Analysis and Inventions focuses on the novel technologies and/or approaches to provide and characterize chemical and biological and applied sciences. The journal focuses on the discoveries, studies, analysis and inventions in biological and applied sciences with a scientific rigor and impact on the research that: Enables and improves the target validation Evaluates current applications and technologies Provides novel research tools and methodologies Carry out the analysis and inventions Incorporates research approaches that enhance the depth of knowledge and applications Success discovery The journal is international and interdisciplinary, inviting contributions from across the globe and from various academic disciplines. Special issues are often devoted to specific emerging areas of study with guest editors assisting in the editorial process. Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-3773 IFSIJ JIF: 7.825 Journal Abbreviation: Web discov.
ORGANIZATION AND STAGES OF EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON DEVELOPING HISTORICAL THINKING OF PRE-SERVICE HISTORY TEACHERS THROUGH MUSEUM PEDAGOGY
This article explores the organization and staged implementation of experimental work aimed at developing historical thinking among pre-service history teachers through museum pedagogy. The study reconceptualizes the museum environment not as a supplementary excursion space but as an educational laboratory in which historical knowledge is constructed through systematic engagement with material evidence, primary sources, and cultural heritage. Employing a quasi-experimental research design, the study is organized as a continuous classroom–museum–classroom didactic cycle comprising diagnostic, formative, and control stages. The article details participant selection criteria, procedures for ensuring comparability between experimental and control groups, assessment instruments, evaluation criteria, and ethical considerations. Special emphasis is placed on aligning instructional and assessment practices with core operations of historical thinking, including source-based reasoning, contextualization, causal explanation, interpretation, and reflective analysis. The study demonstrates that museum pedagogy, when methodologically structured, constitutes an effective resource for strengthening procedural dimensions of historical thinking in history teacher education.
Museum pedagogy; historical thinking; pre-service history teachers; quasi-experimental design; reflection.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
MECHANISMS FOR ACTIVATING EMPLOYER ENGAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PROFESSIONAL STANDARDS: A STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR DEMAND-LED VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
The alignment of vocational education outcomes with labor market requirements is the central challenge of modern human capital development policies. Professional standards serve as the fundamental “genetic code” of this alignment, translating abstract industry needs into concrete educational outcomes.
Professional Standards, Employer Engagement, Vocational Education and Training (VET), Skills Mismatch, Institutional Theory, Labor Market Intelligence, National Qualifications Framework (NQF).
FEATURE FILM AS A MEDIA EDUCATION TECHNOLOGY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSONS
This paper discusses how feature films can be used as a media education technology in English language lessons, especially with learners at the middle and upper-secondary stage (approximately CEFR A2–B2). Films offer rich, multimodal input: learners do not rely only on words, but also on facial expressions, gestures, setting, and tone of voice. Because of this, films can support comprehension, motivation, and communicative practice. However, film-based lessons often fail when teachers either turn the classroom into a cinema or reduce the work to translation and vocabulary lists. To avoid these extremes, the paper proposes a practical classroom framework: selecting short scenes with clear communicative value, defining a specific speaking goal (e.g., requesting clarification, negotiating, persuading), using a staged task sequence (pre–while–post), and assessing performance with simple, transparent criteria. A sample lesson model is provided to demonstrate how film scenes can develop listening skills, pragmatic competence, fluency through chunks, and interactive speaking. The paper argues that films become most effective when they function not as entertainment, but as structured media texts that help learners interpret meaning and communicate it in realistic contexts.
Feature film; media education; English language teaching; multimodal input; communicative approach; pragmatics; scaffolding.
PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS IN THE PROCESS OF SPIRITUAL AND MORAL EDUCATION
This article analyzes the importance of pedagogical skills, its content and main components in the effective implementation of spiritual and moral education from a scientific point of view. The article explores the role of the teacher in the process of spiritual and moral education, his methodological and communicative skills, as well as the mechanisms of formation of moral values in students in the educational process. The results of the research show a strong relationship between pedagogical skills and the effectiveness of spiritual-moral education. At the same time, the article presents modern pedagogical approaches and practical recommendations that serve to strengthen moral education in the education system.
Spiritual and moral education, pedagogical skills, ethical values, educational process, pedagogical approaches, upbringing of students.
PROBLEMS OF ORGANIZING THE ACCOUNT OF BIOLOGICAL ASSETS
This article examines the progress achieved in agriculture, identifies existing challenges in the accelerated transition of accounting to international standards, and outlines the essence and key provisions of IAS 41 "Agriculture." The article presents the differences between NAS and IAS in accounting for biological assets, the challenges of accounting for biological assets based on IAS 41, and solutions.
Agricultural products, biological assets, biotransformation process, recognition and evaluation of biological assets, initial cost, fair value.
Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF SMALL BUSINESS AND ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY: DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING METHODOLOGY
This article examines theoretical and practical approaches to assessing the efficiency of small business and entrepreneurial activity. The study analyzes the main economic indicators used in efficiency assessment and identifies their advantages and limitations. Directions for improving the methodology of evaluating the performance of small business entities under modern market conditions are proposed. The article also substantiates the applicability of assessment results in managerial decision-making processes.
Small business, entrepreneurship, efficiency, assessment, economic indicators, methodology, managerial decisions.
WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF USING FIXED PRODUCTION ASSETS IN ENTERPRISES
This article examines the scientific and methodological aspects of improving the efficiency of using fixed production assets in construction enterprises. The role of fixed assets in the production process, their technical condition, and the key factors influencing economic efficiency are analyzed. In addition, practical ways to enhance fixed asset utilization efficiency are proposed based on fixed asset turnover, fixed asset profitability, and depreciation policy. The research findings contribute to increasing production efficiency in construction enterprises and improving managerial decision-making.
Fixed production assets, efficiency, fixed asset turnover, fixed asset profitability, depreciation, construction enterprise.
PHYTOPLANKTON DEVELOPMENT DEPENDING ON THE SEASON OF THE YEAR IN THE PONDS OF TREATMENT FACILITIES
This article discusses the ecological- floral analysis of natural population of algal ponds used as biological ponds - reservoirs, clarifiers.
Pond, algae, flora, al′goflora, saprobity, systematic, filtering, season.
THE ROLE OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND THE CLUSTER APPROACH IN TRAINING MODERN TEACHERS
This article examines the theoretical and practical aspects of developing innovative competence among future teachers within the modern educational system. It explores the integration of the cluster approach into the educational process, the pedagogical effectiveness of innovative technologies, and the importance of creative and critical thinking in teacher training. The study also highlights the role of teachers’ speech culture, personal development clusters, and creative activities in shaping innovative competence.
Innovative competence, cluster approach, pedagogical technologies, creative thinking, critical thinking, professional development, speech culture, modern education.
LABOR FORCE COMPETITIVENESS IN AN INNOVATIVE ECONOMY: GLOBAL TRENDS AND THE EXPERIENCE OF UZBEKISTAN
The article analyzes the factors shaping the competitiveness of the workforce in the context of an innovative economy, global labor market trends, the impact of digital transformation, automation and the platform economy on workforce competencies. Based on the experience of leading countries - the USA, the European Union, Japan, South Korea and Singapore, the organizational and economic mechanisms necessary for the formation of a competitive workforce in the labor market of Uzbekistan are substantiated. The results of the study indicate the importance of the quality of personnel training, digital skills, innovative forms of employment and investments in human capital.
Workforce competitiveness, innovative economy, labor market, digital skills, platform economy, gig economy, human capital, global trends.
MODERN PROBLEMS AND INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS OF THE OIL REFINING INDUSTRY: A NEW APPROACH IN THE ERA OF GLOBAL CHANGES
This in the article oil again work industry in today's global environment current problems , technological transformation processes , carbon neutrality requirements , raw materials of quality decrease , product diversification and energy efficiency issues analysis Statistical information , advanced factories experience , new catalytic processes and innovative integration models based on modern solutions offer Article previously there is scientific from work different accordingly oil again work process new global energy paradigm in the context of analysis does.
Oil refining industry, modern challenges, innovative solutions, global changes, energy transition, sustainable refining, digitalization in oil refining, circular economy, low-carbon technologies, petrochemical integration, environmental impact reduction, advanced catalysts, process optimization.
THE ROLE OF REGIONAL “ADVANCED VOCATIONAL MASTERY TECHNICUMS” IN IMPROVING THE QUALIFICATIONS OF PEDAGOGICAL CADRES BASED ON THE CLUSTER MODEL
This article analyzes the activities of the new institutional structure – “Advanced Vocational Mastery Technicums” (Advanced Professional Skill Colleges), introduced in the vocational education system in accordance with the Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-316 dated October 23, 2025. It scientifically substantiates the function of these technicums, established in the regions, as an educational cluster center (Hub) serving as a leading practical base for other technicums in the region. Furthermore, the article elucidates new mechanisms that ensure the integration of resource efficiency and educational quality in improving the qualifications of production training masters.
Vocational education reform, PQ-316, advanced vocational mastery technicum, educational cluster, master of production training, practical base, teacher qualification improvement.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION
This article explores the methodological foundations of using digital technologies in visual arts education. It highlights how the integration of digital tools — such as graphic tablets, digital drawing software, 3D modeling platforms, animation technologies, and virtual reality — enhances students’ creative thinking, spatial imagination, aesthetic perception, and compositional skills. The study analyzes the differences and advantages of traditional and digital art, as well as the impact of digital environments on students’ motivation and competencies. The article provides methodological recommendations for effectively incorporating digital technologies into art education.
Visual arts, digital technologies, graphic software, 3D modeling, animation, creative thinking, digital literacy.
METHODS OF DEVELOPING VOCAL-CHORAL SKILLS IN SINGING ACTIVITY
The article considers ways to improve vocal and choral skills in music lessons of secondary schools, the singing voice, singing culture, the formation of musical feelings in students, their spiritual world, deep philosophical and social thinking, as well as the valuable thoughts of the Eastern thinkers Al-Farabi, Ibn Sina, and the Greek philosopher Plato on the interrelation of musical education with moral education, the spiritual maturity of the individual, and the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the development of our national music.
Vocal-choral, music, elegance, musical sound, morality, thinker, Singing voice, beauty, liveliness.
MODERN METHODS AND CRITERIA FOR ASSESSING TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
This article analyzes contemporary approaches and criteria for assessing the professional competencies of teaching staff. The concept of professional competence and the necessity of its assessment are explained, and, based on recent scholarly sources, studies on methods for assessing teachers’ professional competence are reviewed. The article presents the results of a survey conducted among 100 teachers, including a table of average scores for various areas of professional competence. Statistical analysis revealed differences across age groups (for example, teachers over 55 scored higher in digital and innovation competencies). The findings are compared with the scholarly literature, and the importance of modern assessment criteria — including predefined competency standards, authentic assessment (tasks in real contexts), portfolios, and multisource (360-degree) feedback — is discussed. It is emphasized that assessment processes must be organized using impartial, reliable, and up-to-date methods to ensure teachers’ professional development.
Pedagogical competence, competency-based assessment, 360-degree assessment, portfolio assessment, authentic assessment, digital competence, innovation competence, leadership and research competencies, competency standards, professional competencies, assessment criteria.
CARDIAC PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: MECHANISMS, CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS, AND THERAPEUTIC PERSPECTIVES
Cardiac pathophysiology encompasses structural, functional, and biochemical alterations in the heart that lead to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This paper provides a comprehensive review of myocardial remodeling, ischemia, arrhythmogenesis, and neurohormonal regulation, highlighting their contribution to heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmias. Using experimental, clinical, and imaging studies, the article emphasizes the interplay between cellular signaling, ion channel dysfunction, and systemic regulation. Understanding these mechanisms provides insights into developing targeted therapies and improving patient outcomes.
Cardiac pathophysiology, myocardial remodeling, heart failure, arrhythmia, ischemia, neurohormonal regulation.
This article provides an analysis of the issues raised in the poems of the People's Poet of Uzbekistan Iqbol Mirzo. The poet's poems are full of love for the motherland and an analytical approach to his poems on a number of topics. This article analyzes the main thematic and artistic features of Iqbol Mirzo’s poetry, one of the leading representatives of modern Uzbek literature. The study highlights the diversity, sincerity, and philosophical depth of the poet’s works. Through an examination of his poems such as “Tell Me, My Friend, What Have We Done for Our Homeland?”, “What Is Happiness?”, “What They Call Love”, and “Awakening”, the article explores how the poet expresses feelings of patriotism, love, and human emotion in simple yet profound language. It is observed that Iqbol Mirzo skillfully employs artistic devices such as metaphor, simile, and hyperbole to enhance the emotional and aesthetic impact of his poetry. His verses are characterized by sincerity, lyricism, and a deep sense of reflection, which make them appealing to a wide readership. The article concludes that Iqbol Mirzo’s poetry not only reflects the beauty of the Uzbek language and national spirit but also conveys universal human values through artistic expression.
Poetry, analysis, artistic word, mental concept, psyche, sing, poem.
THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AND ITS CORRECTION
Myocardial infarction (MI) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The underlying pathophysiology of MI involves a complex interplay between ischemia, reperfusion injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and antioxidant defense mechanisms, plays a crucial role in myocardial cell injury, apoptosis, and subsequent ventricular remodeling. Excessive ROS disrupt cellular membranes, mitochondrial function, and signaling cascades, leading to further ischemic damage. This article reviews current understanding of oxidative stress mechanisms in MI, discusses the clinical biomarkers of oxidative damage, and evaluates pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for oxidative stress correction. Advances in antioxidant therapies, mitochondrial-targeted drugs, and gene-based approaches are also explored. Optimizing redox balance represents a promising avenue for improving myocardial recovery and patient outcomes following infarction.
Myocardial infarction, oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, reperfusion injury, cardioprotection.
APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS IN THE PRODUCTION OF OUTERWEAR FROM NATURAL LEATHER
The article analyzes the results of research conducted at “IDEAL TEKSTIL-ORZU” LLC aimed at improving the production technology of outerwear made from natural leather. During the 2023–2025 research period, a new method of leather processing was developed, and the deformation characteristics of the products made using this method were studied experimentally. The results show that the new technology not only improves product quality, strength, and aesthetic performance but also provides significant economic benefits by reducing production costs. According to calculations, the production of 10,000 units per year yields an economic gain of 182.2 million UZS, with a specific efficiency of 18,220 UZS per product unit.
natural leather, garment manufacturing technology, deformation characteristics, production efficiency, economic analysis, innovative technology.
OPTIMIZATION OF SILKSCREEN PRINTING PARAMETERS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF DECORATIVE ELEMENTS IN WOMEN'S CLOTHING
The article deals with the issue of optimizing the parameters of silkscreen printing in order to improve the quality of decorative elements in women's clothing. In the course of the study, the influence of the angle of inclination of the squeegee, the pressure force and the thickness of the paint layer on the quality of a decorative printed pattern was experimentally studied. As a result of experiments, it was found that with a squeegee tilt angle of 75-80°, a pressure of 0.4–0.6 MPa and an ink layer thickness of 120-150 microns, the highest print quality indicators are achieved. Based on the obtained data, practical recommendations for industrial applications are developed.
Silkscreen printing, decorative elements, squeegee parameters, paint layer, optimization, women's clothing.
PRESERVATION OF THE HISTORICAL, ARCHITECTURAL, AND URBAN-PLANNING HERITAGE OF THE KITAB-SHAKHRISABZ REGION
The article examines issues related to the preservation of the historical, architectural, and urban-planning heritage of the Kitab-Shakhrisabz region. The processes of modern urbanization continue, while awareness of the high historical and cultural significance of Shakhrisabz is being maintained. Its unique architectural monuments, which took shape in the 15th century, form part of the world’s cultural heritage and require systematic and comprehensive study and preservation – both of the monuments themselves and of their urban environment.
Shakhrisabz, Kitab, urban planning, Kitab-Shakhrisabz region, preservation of architectural heritage, urbanization.
EPIZOOTIC ANALYSIS OF BRUCELLOSIS IN THE REGIONS OF FERGANA PROVINCE
The scientific research was aimed at analyzing the epizootic situation of brucellosis in certain farms of the Fergana province. The studies were conducted in the farms “Baxt Imkon Rivoji” of Oltinko‘l district and “Muqumiy” of Andijan district in Andijan region, as well as “Zotdor Chorva Davri” of Kuva district and “Khamzayev Bekzod Chorvasi” of Furqat district in Fergana region. A total of 234 blood samples were collected from 3,650 cattle. In the Rose Bengal test, 32 blood samples tested positive, while 202 samples tested negative. When the 32 Rose Bengal positive samples were reexamined using the agglutination reaction (AR), all 32 samples showed negative results.
brucellosis, cattle, farm, region, district, reaction, positive, negative, livestock, disease.
HISTORICAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE ETHICS OF MEMORY IN PIRIMQUL QODIROV’S YULDUZLI TUNLAR AND IAN MCEWAN’S ATONEMENT
This article explores how two culturally distant yet philosophically parallel authors—Pirimqul Qodirov from Uzbekistan and Ian McEwan from the United Kingdom—represent historical consciousness and the ethics of memory in their novels Yulduzli Tunlar (Starry Nights) and Atonement. The study focuses on how personal guilt, collective responsibility, and historical truth intersect within their narratives. While Qodirov reconstructs national identity through the figure of Babur, McEwan reimagines personal morality through Briony’s internal struggle for redemption. The comparative approach demonstrates that both writers, though shaped by different civilizations and ideologies, use literature to preserve moral awareness and challenge the reader to reflect on history as a living ethical process.
Historical consciousness, memory, ethics, guilt, moral responsibility, comparative literature, national identity, trauma, redemption.
FORENSIC GENETIC APPROACHES TO CRIME DETECTION USING RECOMBINANT PROTEIN METHODS
This article explores modern approaches to the use of recombinant proteins in forensic medicine for criminal investigations. It describes the main types of recombinant proteins, including polymerases, antibodies, and fluorescent markers, and their role in molecular genetic analysis. Particular attention is given to PCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CRISPR/Cas-based technologies for biological trace identification. Legal and ethical considerations of implementing these methods into forensic practice are discussed. The paper highlights the potential of recombinant proteins in increasing the sensitivity and specificity of forensic genetic testing and their importance in minimizing interpretation errors in evidence analysis.
Forensic genetics, recombinant proteins, molecular forensics, DNA analysis, CRISPR, forensic medicine.
SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF GROWING AGRICULTURAL PLANTS IN THE SOUTHERN ARAL SEA REGION
This review article analyzes and discusses potential links between environmental conditions in the Southern Aral Sea region and the food safety of plant products. A significant place in the article is devoted to the dynamics of diseases associated with the deterioration of environmental conditions (climatic changes, pollution of soils, water and atmosphere, soil salinization). A literary review of foreign publications has shown that chemical pollution of the environment is considered to be the dominant risk factor for food safety. For the UP region, an additional environmental factor is the drying up of the Aral Sea, which is inextricably linked to the removal of salts from the drained bottom, which contain toxic sulfates. An important factor in food safety risks is climate warming, which provokes an increase in plant pathogens and parasites, as well as shortening the transportation and storage time of agricultural products.
IMPROVING THE ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC MECHANISMS OF CREATIVE INDUSTRIES: THE CASE OF MUSEUM MANAGEMENT IN UZBEKISTAN
This study examines approaches to improving the organizational and economic mechanisms of creative industries with a specific focus on museum management in Uzbekistan. As cultural institutions increasingly contribute to economic development and social cohesion, their governance and financing systems require modernization aligned with global creative economy trends. The research employs a comparative and institutional methodology, integrating theoretical frameworks of the creative economy, cultural management, and public–private partnership models. Empirical insights are drawn from the experiences of the United Kingdom, South Korea, the United States, France, and Uzbekistan. The findings reveal that sustainable museum development depends on diversified funding, digital transformation, human capital development, and integration with the broader creative ecosystem. The study proposes strategic recommendations for Uzbekistan to strengthen institutional frameworks, enhance managerial autonomy, and attract private investment while safeguarding cultural identity. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of how creative industry mechanisms can serve as engines of innovation, employment, and cultural diplomacy in emerging economies.
Creative industries, museum management, organizational mechanisms, cultural economy, digital transformation, Uzbekistan.
THE DEPT LOCATION THE FOUNDATIONS IN SEISMIC AREAS
In article are stated results of research of authors concerning depth definition location the foundations in seismic areas. The settlement method of depth offered by authors location the foundations is the most simple and effective action for reduction expected procors seismicity construction deformations.
METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF NEW-TYPE LOGISTICS SERVICES IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL ECONOMY
This article covers the origin, development stages of supply chain management and its role in modern economic activity. Based on historical sources, it is emphasized that the concept of "logistics" was formed starting from the ancient Greek and Roman periods, and its initial forms were used in military and administrative activities. The presentation also highlights the importance of supply and supply chain in effectively organizing the activities of enterprises in the context of the digital economy. This serves as an important theoretical basis for developing the methodological foundations of new types of logistics services.
Digital economy, logistics, supply chain, digital logistics, supply system, methodological foundations, artificial intelligence, digital transformation, information technology, historical evolution, competitiveness.
THE IMPORTANCE OF USING ORGANIC BINDERS IN OBTAINING BRICKETS
This work examines organic binders—specifically coal tars modified with mechanically activated organo-mineral additives—for producing durable fuel briquettes from low-grade brown-coal waste. The binder systems were prepared by mechanically activating mineral components (e.g., ash/slag fines, clayey fractions) and blending them with tar to enhance adhesion, plasticity, and curing. Brown-coal powders from mountain deposits were briquetted under moderate pressure and ambient curing. Performance was assessed by cold compressive strength, drop resistance, abrasion loss, water uptake, ash content, and lower heating value. The modified organic binders yielded briquettes with improved mechanical integrity and moisture resistance compared with tar-only controls, while maintaining acceptable combustion characteristics. Mechanical activation of the organo-mineral fraction reduced binder dosage needed for target strengths, enabling higher coal content and better energy density. Overall, organic binders reinforced with activated mineral phases offer a practical, lower-cost route to valorize brown-coal waste into transportable, storable, and efficiently combustible briquettes.
Brown coal; coal tar binder; organo-mineral additive; mechanical activation; fuel briquette; ash content; heating value; moisture resistance; compressive strength.
INNOVATIVE FORMS OF INTEGRATION BETWEEN EDUCATION AND PRODUCTION IN VOCATIONAL TRAINING
The article analyzes innovative approaches to integrating education and production within the vocational training system. It emphasizes the necessity of harmonizing theoretical learning with practical experience in response to the rapidly changing demands of the labor market. The research highlights the pedagogical significance of dual education, industry-university partnerships, competency-based training modules, and digital technologies as effective mechanisms for ensuring the readiness of future specialists for professional activity. International experiences are examined alongside national practices, providing a comparative framework for improving the integration process. The paper concludes with recommendations for optimizing the interaction between vocational education institutions and industrial enterprises to enhance the quality and competitiveness of graduates.
Vocational education, integration, innovation, dual training, production partnership, competency-based learning, digital platforms.