Web of Technology: Multidimensional Research Journal
Web of Technology: Multidimensional Research Journal is an international journal which focuses on the novel technologies devoted to the global discourse at the intersection of technological change and the social economic, business and philosophical transformation of the world around us. The journal invites the research in the field of technology in society across economic, political and cultural dynamics. It includes the scholarly and theoretical approaches (history, philosophy of science and technology, technology forecasting, economic growth, policies and ethics), applied approaches (business innovation, technology management, legal and engineering) and approaches that are from a development perspective (technology transfer, technology assessment and economic development). Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-3757 IFSIJ JIF: 7.425 Journal Abbreviation: Web technol.
MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF THE WATER SUPPLY PROCESS OF PUMPING STATIONS EQUIPPED WITH AXIAL ROTARY-VANE
The article is devoted to the water needs of consumers of main canals during the growing season and non-growing periods. Algorithms for calculating water consumption for sections of the main channel are presented in the article.
Main canal, water flow, optimal control, machine water lifting, algorithms, vegetative.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
DYNAMIC STABILITY AND FREE VIBRATIONS OF A SHAFT MOUNTED ON VISCOELASTIC SUPPORTS: PROBLEM FORMULATION AND SOLUTION METHODOLOGY
This paper addresses the dynamic stability and free vibrations of a mechanical system with a finite number of degrees of freedom, consisting of a deformable shaft mounted on viscoelastic supports. The mathematical formulation of the problem is based on the principle of possible displacements, from which a general variational equation is derived. The rheological properties of the deformable supports and the shaft are described using the linear hereditary Boltzmann-Volterra relation together with the weakly singular Koltunov-Rzhanitsyn kernel. Owing to the smallness of the integral terms in the constitutive relation, the "freezing" method is applied, and the transcendental equation determining the free-vibration frequencies of the system is solved numerically by the Müller method. The dynamic stability of the rotating shaft-support system is assessed using the D-partition method. The obtained results are compared with known solutions by A.S. Kelzon and V.I. Yakovlev, the discrepancy not exceeding 15%.
Viscoelastic support, shaft dynamics, free vibrations, critical speed, Koltunov-Rzhanitsyn kernel, freezing method, dynamic stability.
IMPROVING THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK OF STATE FISCAL (BUDGET AND TAX) POLICY
Changes in the world economy, the transformation of the economies of countries, the situation in the world capital market, and unexpected global crises require research to study the theoretical foundations of state fiscal (budgetary-tax) policy, which is one of the state economic policies regulated by the state. In particular, it is urgent to scientifically observe the levers and tools of budgetary and tax policy, which are mentioned in a number of scientific publications as the driving force of the economy in the present era, and to draw conclusions on its practical application. The article also presents the evolution of school doctrines and modern views in the history of economic science on state fiscal (budgetary-tax) policy.
Government fiscal policy, budget-tax policy, mercantilism, classical economic school, marginalism, Keynesianism, monetarism, supply theory, modern economic school, state budget expenditures and revenues, budget deficit, taxes, tax rate, tax burden.
APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TWIN TECHNOLOGY IN APPAREL DESIGN, VIRTUAL TESTING, AND PRODUCTION PLANNING
The rapid advancement of Industry 4.0 technologies has significantly transformed manufacturing systems, including the apparel industry. Digital twin technology has emerged as an innovative tool for integrating virtual and physical production environments. This study investigates the development of a digital twin of a garment product for design, virtual testing, and technological preparation of production. The proposed framework combines three-dimensional garment modeling, anthropometric data processing, material simulation, and manufacturing process analysis within a unified digital environment. The research demonstrates that digital twin technology enables early detection of design inconsistencies, optimization of production parameters, reduction of material waste, and improvement of product quality. The findings indicate that the integration of digital twins into garment production contributes to greater efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability in apparel manufacturing.
Digital twin, garment engineering, virtual prototyping, apparel manufacturing, Industry 4.0, digital fashion, production planning, simulation technologies.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ELECTRIC DRIVE OF TWIN-SHAFT MIXERS
Relevance. A priority for modern industrial power engineering is the systemic integration of resource-saving innovative technologies while improving productivity. In this context, the design of highly energy-efficient electromechanical systems and the digital automation of their control algorithms remains a key element of global technological transformation. Twin-shaft mixers play a key role in complex process cycles in the chemical, metallurgical, and construction industries, particularly in the homogenization of refractory and acid-resistant components. However, traditional electric drive systems with single-speed asynchronous motors in use in practice have a high inertia coefficient, leading to irreversible energy dissipation during transient conditions (startup and braking). This, in turn, reduces the overall system efficiency and causes an exponential increase in operating costs. Modernizing existing low-efficiency and inertial drives with intelligently controlled contactless modules is considered the optimal solution for minimizing energy consumption, extending the service life of devices, and ensuring process stability. Target. Development and research of a two-speed asynchronous motor (DM) with a PPO for the electric drive of a two-shaft mixer providing a step start, precise stop and increased efficiency of the technological process. The following methods were applied in the work: electromagnetic calculation with the selection of optimal winding parameters for the analysis of DD with PPO at a pole pair ratio of 2:4; computer modeling in the ANSYS Maxwell software environment for magnetic field analysis; development of a contactless starting circuit for two-speed asynchronous motors; experimental studies of a prototype AIR180M8/4 motor with the acquisition of operating, mechanical and starting characteristics under production conditions. A new pole-switching winding circuit was developed, and the AIR180M8/4 two-speed motor was designed based on it. The motor produces 18.5 kW at 1500 rpm (p=2) with 90% efficiency and 13.9 kW at 750 rpm (p=4) with 85% efficiency. The implementation of a contactless commutation system ensures long-term, safe, quiet, and reliable operation of the electric drive. Industrial tests at the facilities of Almalyk Mining and Metallurgical Combine JSC showed that the motor's integration into the VL-400-VRU mixer drive reduced the rotation cycle by 420 seconds and increased the daily mix capacity by 580 kg
Electric drive, twin-shaft mixer, pole-switching winding (PSW), two-speed asynchronous motor (AM), energy saving, transient processes, contactless start.
ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS ENSURING CHILD SAFETY IN MODERN VEHICLES
This article scientifically and practically analyzes passive safety systems that ensure child safety in modern vehicles. Passive safety systems are systems designed to minimize injuries to passengers after a road traffic accident occurs, and they are of particular importance for children. The research results show that adapting passive safety systems to the anatomical and physiological characteristics of children can significantly reduce child injuries and fatalities in road traffic accidents.
Passive safety, child safety, automotive interior design, child restraint systems, ISOFIX system, airbags, seat belts, body structure, deformation zones, CRS.
FORMATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF PHOSPHORUS AND NICKEL IMPURITY ATOM CLUSTERS IN SILICON DURING SEQUENTIAL DOPING AND THERMAL ANNEALING
This study investigates the effect of sequential doping of silicon with phosphorus and nickel on the formation, size, and morphology of impurity clusters. P-type silicon wafers obtained by the Czochralski method were subjected to phosphorus diffusion to form a p-n junction, followed by nickel deposition and high-temperature diffusion, with a final thermal annealing process. The resulting cluster structures were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The formation of precipitates of various shapes and sizes was observed, including oval and round clusters ranging from nanometers to several micrometers. A correlation between technological process parameters and the characteristics of the formed clusters was established. The results enhance the understanding of impurity atom interactions in silicon and open prospects for developing new methods for controlled impurity structure formation
cluster formation, phosphorus, nickel, silicon, thermal annealing, scanning electron microscopy.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF NORMALIZATION METHODS FOR NUMERIC AND INTEGER DATA IN NETWORK DATABASE SYSTEMS
Numeric and integer data constitute the most frequently encountered attribute types in network database systems, appearing in domains ranging from financial transactions and sensor measurements to user identifiers and event counters. Despite their apparent simplicity, these data types present non-trivial normalization challenges: numeric attributes may span multiple orders of magnitude, contain outliers, or follow non-Gaussian distributions, while integer attributes may be nominal, ordinal, or ratio-scaled, each requiring a different treatment. This paper provides a focused comparative evaluation of normalization methods applicable to numeric and integer data in network databases, examining min-max scaling, Z-score standardization, decimal scaling, robust scaling, and interval-based encoding. For each method, we analyze the mathematical formulation, output range, sensitivity to outliers, distributional assumptions, and suitability for downstream tasks including machine learning, ontological mapping, and network visualization. We further propose a decision framework for selecting the appropriate method based on data characteristics. Experimental validation is conducted on a synthetic network database of 1,000 records, demonstrating that method selection has a measurable impact on data quality metrics and downstream analytical consistency.
Numeric normalization, integer normalization, min-max scaling, Z-score standardization, robust scaling, network databases, data preprocessing, outlier sensitivity.
TRANSPORT AS A FACTOR ENSURING REGIONAL COMPETITIVENESS
This article analyzes the role of the transport system in the modern economy, its key functions, and its significance in regional development. Particular attention is given to the economic integration, social connectivity, standardization, environmental sustainability, and innovative functions of transport, while substantiating their influence on the national economy and the quality of transport services. Furthermore, the study examines the priority directions for the development of Uzbekistan’s transport system, including the insufficient level of transport infrastructure development, the low quality of transport services, regional disparities in transport accessibility, the slow pace of digitalization processes, and the challenges associated with the implementation of transport projects. The article also highlights the importance of comprehensive approaches to addressing these issues, emphasizing the introduction of innovative technologies and the role of strategic planning in enhancing the efficiency and competitiveness of the transport sector.
Transport system, transport infrastructure, quality of transport services, transport and logistics system, economic integration, digitalization, transport potential, logistics, innovative technologies, transport services market, regional development, transport strategy.
CALCULATION OF THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF MAGNETORESISTANCE OSCILLATIONS IN NANOSTRUCTURED SEMICONDUCTORS
In this work, the temperature dependence of transverse electrical conductivity and magnetoresistance oscillations under the influence of a quantizing magnetic field in heterostructures based on In₀.₅₂Al₀.₄₈As/In₀.₅₃Ga₀.₄₇As/In₀.₅₂Al₀.₄₈As quantum wells is analyzed. At low temperatures (T = 4.2 K), sharp oscillations in magnetoresistance are observed due to the discrete structure of Landau levels. As the temperature increases, the oscillation amplitude decreases, and when approaching 40 K, quantum effects disappear due to thermal broadening. A decrease in the quantum well thickness leads to an increase in the oscillation amplitude.
Quantum well, magnetoresistance, Landau levels, oscillations, temperature dependence, low-dimensional semiconductors, heterostructure.
PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS AND DEFECT STRUCTURE DURING MULTISTAGE QUENCHING OF TOOL CARBON STEELS
This study investigates phase transformations and defect structure formation in tool carbon steels (U7 and U11) subjected to multistage quenching. It is established that high-temperature heating prior to the first quenching leads to the formation of a coarse-grained structure and an increased dislocation density, which is inherited during subsequent heat treatment stages. It is shown that re-quenching from standard recommended temperatures results in phase recrystallization and the formation of a fine-grained structure; however, a high level of defects is retained. The influence of the first quenching temperature and inter-quench tempering on dislocation density, grain size, hardness, and carbon distribution between martensite and retained austenite is analyzed. It is found that the increase in dislocation density is governed by two main factors: inheritance of the defect structure formed during high-temperature quenching and the formation of new grains during reheating, accompanied by microdistortions in the crystal lattice. Increasing the tempering temperature leads to a gradual relaxation of internal stresses. The results obtained provide deeper insight into the mechanisms of structure formation during multistage quenching and support the optimization of heat treatment regimes for tool steels.
Multistage quenching; tool carbon steels; phase transformations; dislocation density; austenite; martensite; retained austenite; structural inheritance; heat treatment; hardness; grain size.
FORMATION OF THE STRUCTURE OF TOOL STEELS DURING RE-HARDENING
A significant number of works are devoted to various options for heat treatment in order to obtain the required structural parameters of steel and thereby ensure an increase in tool life and an increase in steel wear re-sistance in general. This work proposes two-stage hardening modes for steel types У11, 9ХВГ, ХГС. In this case, the first hardening is performed with heating above Ac3, the second hardening with heating above Ac1. Such heat treatment ensures the production of dispersed secondary car-bides, and the service life of the product increases by 3-4 times. It is shown that a high level of defectiveness of the crystalline structure of hardened steel is achieved only after heating to 1000-1200° C. In this case, the aus-tenite grain grows sharply. Repeated heat treatment using conventional technology ensures not only crushing of the austenite grain, but also inher-itance of an increased level of defectiveness of the crystalline structure. Due to this, wear resistance increases. Increase in wear resistance is possi-ble from 20-25% to 2 times or more. Regularities of formation of optimal structures under conditions of phase recrystallization (when the first is high-temperature) of high-carbon and alloy tool steels, and also, in connec-tion with this, issues of increasing the resistance of cutting and shaping tools of cold deformation. Similar modes of heat treatment (double harden-ing, when the first hardening is high-temperature) can provide an increase in the resistance to crack propagation of steel.
Tool steels, extreme temperatures, quenching, temper-ing, hardness, dislocation density.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS OF DECISION MAKING UNDER UNCERTAINTY IN THE HOTEL BUSINESS
This article analyzes various management decision-making processes in the hotel industry for hotel managers at various levels under conditions of insufficient or unreliable information, and examines decision-making mechanisms using various mathematical criteria. Flexible algorithms for making management decisions are proposed.
Management decision-making, data uncertainty, unreliable data, uncertain inputs, evaluation criteria.
IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF WALL STRUCTURES IN SEISMIC-RESISTANT FRAME BUILDINGS
This article addresses the issues of improving the reliability of wall structures in seismic-resistant frame buildings. The study analyzes structural solutions of infill walls, material selection, and their energy dissipation properties in ensuring the seismic stability of building structures. In addition, modern strengthening technologies, innovative construction materials, and computational models are considered as means to enhance the earthquake resistance of wall elements. The research results contribute to increasing the safety and stability of frame buildings.
Seismic resistance, frame building, wall structure, seismic stability, strengthening technology, innovative materials, structural solution.
COMPETENCY-BASED WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT FOR A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY
The alignment between the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the professional skills demanded by a sustainable economy constitutes one of the most urgent and undertheorised challenges in contemporary workforce development and higher vocational education. The transition toward net-zero economies, circular production systems, inclusive social services, and digitally mediated value chains all mandated by the 2030 Agenda creates demands for professional competencies that existing vocational training and higher education systems are largely unprepared to supply. This article investigates the intersection of SDG-driven economic transformation and professional skill formation, proposing a comprehensive Sustainable Professional Competency (SPC) framework that identifies the cross-sectoral, sector-specific, and enabling competencies required for SDG-aligned employment.
Sustainable Development Goals, professional skills, workforce development, green economy, competency framework, vocational education, sustainable employment, human capital, skills gap, circular economy.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN MODERN EDUCATION: OPPORTUNITIES, CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly influenced various sectors, including education. This paper examines the role of AI in modern educational systems, focusing on its potential to enhance learning processes through personalization, automation, and accessibility. At the same time, the study highlights critical challenges such as academic integrity risks, over-reliance on AI tools, and ethical concerns related to data usage. The paper argues that AI should be integrated as a complementary instrument rather than a replacement for human educators. Strategic directions for the effective and responsible implementation of AI in education are also discussed.
Artificial intelligence, education, digital learning, personalization, academic integrity, educational technologies.
IMPROVING THE METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING SHORT-DISTANCE RUNNING TECHNIQUE IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASSES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
This article examines the improvement of the methodology for teaching short-distance running technique in physical education classes within the framework of the Development Strategy. The study focuses on the pedagogical conditions, methodological principles, and practical mechanisms that increase the effectiveness of sprint training among students. Particular attention is paid to the formation of correct running posture, start acceleration, stride coordination, finishing technique, and the gradual development of speed-strength qualities. The paper substantiates that the modernization of physical education lessons requires not only the renewal of content, but also the introduction of differentiated, competence-based, and student-centered teaching methods. In this regard, sprint training is considered as an important component of physical development, discipline, endurance, agility, and competitive readiness. The article also highlights the role of innovative pedagogical technologies, visual demonstration, repetitive drills, corrective exercises, and performance assessment criteria in the process of mastering sprint techniques. The findings show that improving the methodology of teaching short-distance running contributes to increasing students’ physical preparedness, motivation for sports, and interest in systematic physical activity. The proposed methodological approach may serve as an effective basis for optimizing physical education lessons in higher pedagogical education institutions.
Short-distance running, sprint technique, physical education, teaching methodology, motor skills, speed-strength qualities, sports pedagogy, student motivation, innovative technologies, competence-based approach.
THE END OF GREENWASHING: HOW AI AND SATELLITE MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING ARE REVOLUTIONIZING ESG AUDITING
The rapid expansion of corporate sustainability reporting has increased transparency requirements while raising concerns about greenwashing—the practice of making misleading environmental claims. Traditional ESG auditing, often termed "ESG 1.0," relies on lagged, self-reported data that is prone to selective disclosure. This article introduces the ESG 2.0 paradigm, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) acts as an independent auditor. By fusing Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Geospatial Intelligence, stakeholders can now quantify "The Credibility Gap" between corporate narratives and physical reality.
Algorithmic ESG, Greenwashing Detection, Geospatial AI (GeoAI), NLP in Finance, Multi-spectral Imaging, Asset Materiality.
TENDENCIES OF COMPOSITIONAL CREATIVITY IN NEW UZBEKISTAN
This scientific article is devoted to the study of modern trends in the field of trends in the field of compositional creativity in Uzbekistan and notes the economic and social changes in the framework of the country's "strategy for the dissolution of New Uzbekistan" for 2022-2026.
Reform, composing, progress, intangible, creativity,activity,heritage, priority, strategy.
COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE QUALITY OF KNITTED FABRICS AND SELECTION OF RATIONAL STRUCTURES
This article discusses the issues of comprehensive quality assessment of double-layer and combined knitted fabrics intended for outerwear. An integral approach to quality assessment is proposed, taking into account structural, parametric, physical-mechanical, and performance indicators. Variants of imported knitted fabric samples are compared, and the advantages of rational structures are substantiated. The results demonstrate the possibility of implementing resource-saving technologies in knitwear production.
Knitted fabric, comprehensive quality assessment, double-layer knit, structure, physical-mechanical properties, integral indicator.
ENHANCEMENT OF CONCRETE WATERPROOFING PROPERTIES BY IMPREGNATION METHOD
This article examines the enhancement of concrete waterproofing properties by surface impregnation. The relevance of the topic is determined by the high vulnerability of concrete and reinforced-concrete structures to water penetration, capillary suction, corrosion processes, freeze–thaw deterioration and leaching of hydration products. The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of impregnating compositions in reducing permeability and improving the durability indicators of hardened concrete. The paper systematizes the mechanisms of moisture transfer in concrete, characterizes the main types of impregnating materials, and presents a comparative experimental assessment of untreated specimens and specimens treated with sodium-silicate and organosilicon compounds. The results show that impregnation significantly reduces water absorption and capillary moisture uptake and increases water impermeability; at the same time, silicate treatment also provides moderate strengthening of the surface layer. It is substantiated that the impregnation method is an effective technological solution for preventive protection and rehabilitation of concrete structures operated under humid and aggressive environmental conditions.
Concrete, waterproofing, impregnation, permeability, capillary absorption, hydrophobic treatment, durability.
CYBERSECURITY IN UZBEKISTAN’S BANKING SYSTEM: RISKS AND MITIGATION
Uzbekistan’s banking sector is becoming increasingly digital, and this transformation is reshaping its cybersecurity risk profile. As mobile banking, online payments, and interconnected financial services continue to grow, vulnerabilities are no longer confined to technical infrastructure alone. They increasingly arise from the interaction between human behavior, weak authentication, insecure integrations, fragmented monitoring, and limited incident-response maturity. This article explores the main cybersecurity vulnerabilities affecting Uzbekistan’s banking system and outlines practical directions for improving resilience. The analysis shows that phishing, social engineering, access-control weaknesses, mobile banking and API security gaps, and underdeveloped anti-fraud and governance mechanisms remain among the most serious concerns. The article argues that these risks should be addressed through a layered security model that combines stronger identity protection, secure development practices, integrated monitoring, AI-assisted fraud detection, and sustained awareness-building. In doing so, it provides a more grounded view of how cybersecurity resilience can be strengthened in the national banking sector.
Banking system, cybersecurity, mobile banking, API security, anti-fraud, zero trust, cyber resilience, phishing, compliance.
PROBLEMS OF TRAINING OF MILITARY TRANSLATORS
The role of a military translator or interpreter is one of the most intellectually demanding and high-stakes professions in the linguistic world. Unlike general translation, where the consequences of a nuance lost might result in mild confusion or a minor business loss, military translation operates in an environment where linguistic precision is directly tied to operational safety, intelligence accuracy, and the preservation of human life. As international military cooperation and peacekeeping missions expand, the need for highly skilled linguistic mediators becomes paramount. However, the current landscape of training military translators faces significant structural, cognitive, and pragmatic hurdles. Addressing these challenges requires a shift from traditional pedagogical models toward a more holistic, technology-integrated, and psychologically resilient training framework.
Military translation, training military translators, technical difficulties, authentic military materials .
The article discusses the issues related to potential of gamification for teaching military specialties. The specificity of military education differentiates it from other professions; therefore, teaching methods should be adapted. Having analyzed the main problems in implementation of gamification in military higher education through scaffolded progression systems, philosophy of iterative failure, social and collaborative layers, four activities were developed. Practical results demonstrated that motivation to learn and overall quality of developed skills were sufficiently improved within such activities.
Military education, gamification, scaffolding, flow theory, learning autonomy.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE REGRESSIVE MODEL IN DETERMINING FUEL CONSUMPTION IN AUTOGRAINERS
The following article analyzes methods for determining fuel consumption under various operating conditions of motor graders and examines how diesel fuel consumption during the operation of motor graders in mountainous areas depends on several factors. The main advantage of the regressive (determination and forecasting) model and the process of simultaneously assessing the influence of several factors on fuel consumption are also shown.
Avtogreyder, fuel consumption, cuvette, career, relief, engine.
PROBLEMS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITS INVOLVED IN THE PROVISION OF EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE AND WAYS TO OVERCOME THEM
The article analyzes issues of interaction among structures involved in providing medical assistance to the population during emergency situations occurring in peacetime. Existing problems in the management and coordination system are identified, and organizational and managerial mechanisms aimed at addressing these issues are proposed. The results of the study contribute to improving the effectiveness of medical assistance in emergency situations.
Emergency situation, medical assistance, civil protection, structures, interaction, management.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED JAPANESE LANGUAGE TEACHING: OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS
This article explores the possibilities and limitations of teaching Japanese using AI. It analyzes AI technologies, language learning applications, and interactive tools. At the same time, issues such as translation errors, contextual understanding limitations, and the necessity of real communication are discussed. In conclusion, while AI is an effective aid in language learning, it should be used with caution.
Artificial Intelligence, Japanese language, language teaching, interactive learning, machine translation.
DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF POWER SUPPLY FACILITIES
This article explores the role of digital technologies as a means of improving the reliability of railway traction power supply. The importance of digitalization in implementing the Central Asian Republic Development Strategy is emphasized. Current challenges and their solutions are identified. The organizational and practical aspects of digital technologies are considered. A classification system for devices, objects, failure modes, wear, and misalignment of measuring systems, devices, and automation, as well as contamination and aging, is proposed.
Digital technologies, reliability, digital economy, economic efficiency, electric power industry, traction power supply.
SYNONYMIC PECULIARITIES OF BLESSING AND CURSE PHRASES IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES
Blessing and curse phrases constitute an important layer of expressive and evaluative language, reflecting speakers’ emotional attitudes and cultural values. This article examines the synonymic peculiarities of blessing and curse phrases in English and Uzbek, focusing on semantic proximity, functional equivalence, and structural variation. The study identifies core synonymic groups, analyzes their semantic intensity and stylistic coloring, and highlights both universal and language-specific features. The findings demonstrate that synonymy in blessing and curse phrases is shaped not only by lexical meaning but also by cultural norms, pragmatics, and ritual usage.
Blessing phrases, curse phrases, synonymy, semantic field, expressive language, English, Uzbek, linguoculture.