Web of Humanities: Journal of Social Science and Humanitarian Research
type: channel
description: Web of Humanities: Journal of Social Science and Humanitarian Research is an open access peer reviewed international journal. It covers all areas of the social sciences, economics, and humanities. We adhere to the scientific standards by following a rigorous peer-review process. Any submission reporting scientifically accurate and valuable research will be considered for publication. We welcome empirical studies, theoretical articles, case studies, methodological articles and literature reviews. Our scope is inclusive: we encourage multi- and inter-disciplinary work as well as new and experimental forms of research, replication studies and negative findings. All submissions will be evaluated based on their scientific and methodological validity and robustness of research. As an open access journal, all articles will be immediately and permanently available for authors and readers to read, download, cite and share. The journal aims to be a meeting point for researchers at every stage of their career. One of our guiding principles is to make the publishing process accessible to everyone doing sound science, including first-time authors, early career researchers, and those from underrepresented groups and geographical areas The journal publishes papers devoted to quantitative social science research and methodology. The journal features articles that illustrate the use of quantitative methods to empirically test social science theory. The journal emphasizes research concerned with issues or methods that cut across traditional disciplinary lines. Special attention is given to methods that have been used by only one particular social science discipline, but that may have application to a broader range of areas with an ultimate goal of testing social science theory. The journal also covers the physical education, sports and sports science related articles. Publication Frequency: 12 Issues Per Year (Monthly) ISSN (E): 2938-3803 IFSIJ JIF: 7.775 Journal Abbreviation: Web hu…
publisher: Web of Journals Publishing
language: en
publication name: Web of Humanities: Journal of Social Science and Humanitarian Research
issn: 2938-3803
items: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRADE ROUTES PASSING THROUGH SOGDIANA AND EASTERN TURKISTAN
items: THE LIFE AND STATECRAFT OF AMIR TEMUR IN JEAN BODIN'S INTERPRETATION
items: MILITARY AND POLITICAL RELATIONS IN THE CITY STATES OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
items: GENESIS OF THE NATURAL SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW
items: GROUNDS FOR REFUSING TO ALLOW A DEFENSE ATTORNEY TO PARTICIPATE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
items: FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF DIGITAL INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TOURISM SERVICES MARKET
items: THE CURRENT ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE MUSEUMS IN TASHKENT
items: THE ROLE AND PLACE OF MUSEUMS IN PERPETUATING THE MEMORY OF THE VICTIMS OF REPRESSION
items: SOCIAL CONSENSUS AND CIVIC SOLIDARITY IN ENSURING PEACE DURING DEMOCRATIC TRANSFORMATION: A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE UZBEKISTAN EXPERIENCE
items: OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING AN INCLUSIVE MODEL OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP BASED ON FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
items: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TERM “HABEAS CORPUS” IN THE HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM
items: THE LEGAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRIORITY TASKS OF BUILDING CIVIL SOCIETY
items: TURKEY’S SECURITY STRATEGY IN CENTRAL ASIA: GEOPOLITICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS
items: WOMEN SCHOLARS AND THE FORMATION OF ACADEMIC CULTURE, ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, AND SOCIAL PROGRESS
items: THE ANIMAL METAPHOR AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING ANTI-TOTALITARIAN THEMES IN G. VLADIMOV’S NOVELLA, FAITHFUL RUSLAN
items: BETWEEN GREAT POWERS: UZBEKISTAN’S MULTI-VECTOR FOREIGN POLICY AND THE LIMITS OF STRATEGIC AUTONOMY AFTER 2016
items: NATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL VALUES IN YOUTH EDUCATION: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF HARMONY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
items: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF USING AI TOOLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION FOR NON-PHILOLOGICAL STUDENTS
items: INCLUSIVE APPROACH AGAINST RISKS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE GLOBAL INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
items: THE ROLE OF CODE-SWITCHING IN LINGUISTIC GROWTH AND CULTURAL IDENTITY FORMATION
items: EVALUATING THE CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN AI TRANSLATION
items: THE PHENOMENON OF SPIRITUAL ALIENATION AMONG YOUTH IN MODERN SOCIETY
items: IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION STANDARDS IN THE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF FERGANA REGION: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS
items: LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF RENDERING RUSSIAN REALIA IN THE TRANSLATIONS BY CHOLPON
items: ALIGNING MULTIPLE TRANSLATIONS IN AN AUTHOR PARALLEL CORPUS OF A. S. PUSHKIN POETRY
items: UZBEKISTAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO VICTORY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR: UNITY ON THE FRONTLINE AND THE HOME FRONT
items: COGNITIVE AND STYLISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATING SIMILE WITH STRATEGIES AND EXAMPLES
items: MEDIA SPACE AND SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS: MODERN TRENDS AND FACTORS OF TRANSFORMATION OF YOUTH VALUES
items: PRESENTING WORKS OF APPLIED ART IN MUSEUMS THROUGH MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
items: SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE: ITS ESSENCE, CORE PRINCIPLES, AND ROLE IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF TRADE ROUTES PASSING THROUGH SOGDIANA AND EASTERN TURKISTAN
type: item
description: The article analyzes the historical and cultural regions through which the trade routes of Central Asian settled oases passed, particularly focusing on how Sogdiana’s routes connected the East, West, North, and South, integrating the entire region into transcontinental networks. It examines the movement of trade caravans and diplomatic missions originating from Samarkand (Sogdiana) along the Chach, Fergana, and Semirechye (Yettisuv) routes, as well as their integration of representatives from Ustrushana into their ranks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Karluk yabghus of Tokharistan, Kat, Mizdahkan, Dargan, Khiva, Urgench, Suboh, Khuzar, Timur Kapugh (Buzghala), Hamukat, Shaljikat, Juvikat, Navikat, Nuzkat.
  topic: keywords
creator: Yusupov Dilshodbek Kozimjonovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 128
ending page: 136

THE LIFE AND STATECRAFT OF AMIR TEMUR IN JEAN BODIN'S INTERPRETATION
type: item
description: In this article, the work of the French orientalist Jean Bodin, who commented on the life and statecraft of Amir Temur in the 16th century, is analyzed. In the early 16th century, the strengthening of the Habsburg dynasty in Germany posed a serious threat to both France and the Ottoman Empire. As a result, diplomatic relations emerged between the two states. French diplomats began visiting Constantinople from the 1530s onward. During these diplomatic missions, the envoys were impressed by the policy of tolerance in the Ottoman Empire. This, in turn, contributed to the emergence of the idea of “universalism” in the works of certain French orientalists, such as Jean Bodin. This was because France was experiencing intense religious conflicts.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Dion, Timoleon, Aratus, Amir Temur, Sultan Bayazid, King Francis I, Jean Bodin, “The Six Books of the Republic” Ottoman Empire, Battle of Ankara.
  topic: keywords
creator: Israilov Nodir Raximjonovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 124
ending page: 127

MILITARY AND POLITICAL RELATIONS IN THE CITY STATES OF ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA
type: item
description: This article examines the history of military-political relations in the city-states of Mesopotamia in the 3rd-2nd millennia BC. The role and activities of rulers in military-political relations are revealed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mesopotamia, Sumer, Akkad, Ur, Uruk, Lagash, Kish, name, ruler, king, ensi, lugal, army.
  topic: keywords
creator: Obidjon Dusmurodov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 95
ending page: 98

GENESIS OF THE NATURAL SCIENTIFIC WORLDVIEW
type: item
description: This article analyzes the genesis of the formation and development of the natural scientific worldview from philosophical and scientific perspectives. The historical evolution of the natural scientific worldview is examined from ancient natural philosophy through the classical mechanistic paradigm, the theory of relativity, quantum mechanics, and the achievements of modern science. The article also reveals the role of scientific revolutions, methodological principles, and interdisciplinary integration in shaping scientific conceptions of the world. The study demonstrates that the natural scientific worldview is not a static construct but a dynamic system of knowledge that continuously develops through the advancement of scientific knowledge and the emergence of new theories.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Natural scientific worldview, genesis, scientific cognition, natural philosophy, scientific revolution, classical science, non-classical science, post-non-classical science, scientific paradigm, philosophy of science, methodology, interdisciplinary integration.
creator: S. Pardayev
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 87
ending page: 94

GROUNDS FOR REFUSING TO ALLOW A DEFENSE ATTORNEY TO PARTICIPATE IN CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS
type: item
description: This article examines the circumstances that prevent a defense attorney from participating in criminal proceedings and the grounds for refusing to participate in the proceedings in the event of these circumstances. It also discusses the issue of the defense attorney's impartiality, the concept and types of personal interest, the issue of kinship, and foreign experience on this topic.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Criminal proceedings, defense attorney, judge, prosecutor, investigator, witness, refusal, circumstances that prevent, personal interest, kinship.
  topic: keywords
creator: Durdubaeva Nargiza Muratbaevna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 84
ending page: 86

FORMATION OF A SYSTEM OF DIGITAL INDICATORS FOR ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE TOURISM SERVICES MARKET
type: item
description: This article substantiates the need to develop a system of digital indicators for assessing the efficiency of the tourism services market in the context of digital transformation. The study argues that traditional indicators, such as the number of tourists, tourism revenues, employment and investment volume, are no longer sufficient to reflect the actual performance of tourism services. The proposed approach integrates indicators of digital infrastructure, online sales and booking, digital marketing, customer satisfaction and digital governance into a comprehensive assessment framework. The article also emphasizes the relevance of this framework for Uzbekistan, where tourism flows and digital connectivity are expanding rapidly, while the National Unified Tourism Platform is becoming an institutional basis for data-driven tourism management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital tourism, tourism services market, efficiency assessment, digital indicators, online booking, smart tourism, customer satisfaction, digital reputation, tourism platform, Uzbekistan.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jiyanov Uktam Panjiyevich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 79
ending page: 83

THE CURRENT ACTIVITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSE MUSEUMS IN TASHKENT
type: item
description: This article examines the current activity and development of house museums in Tashkent, highlighting their cultural, historical, and educational significance. It provides a detailed overview of several prominent house museums dedicated to outstanding representatives of Uzbek literature, art, and music, including Gafur Ghulam, Abdulla Qakhkhor, Mukhtar Ashrafi, Ural Tansikbaev, Yunus Rajabi, Tamarakhonim, Oybek, Sergey Yesenin, and Sergey Borodin. The study analyzes the structure of these museums, their collections, memorial sections, and exhibition practices. Special attention is given to the preservation of historical authenticity alongside the introduction of modern museum approaches. The article concludes that house museums in Tashkent play an essential role in preserving cultural heritage, promoting national identity, and adapting to contemporary cultural demands.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: House museum, memorial museum, Tashkent museums, cultural heritage, museum studies, Uzbekistan culture, literary museums, art museums, historical preservation, exhibition activity, Gafur Ghulam, Abdulla Qakhkhor, Mukhtar Ashrafi, Ural Tansikbaev, Yunus Rajabi, Tamarakhonim, Oybek, Sergey Yesenin, Sergey Borodin.
creator: Mirkhakimova Feruza Kholdorjonovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 116
ending page: 123

THE ROLE AND PLACE OF MUSEUMS IN PERPETUATING THE MEMORY OF THE VICTIMS OF REPRESSION
type: item
description: The article analyzes the activities of museums as important socio-cultural institutions in perpetuating the memory of victims of repression, understanding national history, restoring historical justice in society, and ensuring the continuity of historical memory between generations, their role in preserving, researching, promoting, and conveying historical realities to the general public, and the important tasks of museums in perpetuating the memory of victims of repression.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Despotic regime, repressive policy, victims of repression, national identity, cultural institution, social memory, historical justice, national intelligentsia.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ashurova Makhbuba Akhtamovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 75
ending page: 78

SOCIAL CONSENSUS AND CIVIC SOLIDARITY IN ENSURING PEACE DURING DEMOCRATIC TRANSFORMATION: A SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE UZBEKISTAN EXPERIENCE
type: item
description: This article examines the socio-philosophical significance of social consensus and civic solidarity in ensuring peace and stability during democratic transformation processes. The study explores the theoretical foundations of consensus culture, civic participation, and social cohesion as essential components of sustainable democratic development. Particular attention is given to the experience of Uzbekistan, where large-scale political, economic, and social reforms have necessitated the strengthening of mechanisms that promote public trust, social partnership, and civic engagement. Employing socio-philosophical analysis, comparative methods, and institutional approaches, the research identifies key factors contributing to social stability in transitional societies. The findings indicate that social consensus functions not only as a mechanism for conflict prevention but also as a strategic resource for democratic governance. Civic solidarity, meanwhile, serves as a foundation for strengthening social trust, enhancing public participation, and ensuring peaceful coexistence among diverse social groups. The article concludes that the institutionalization of consensus-based governance and civic solidarity contributes significantly to the sustainability of democratic reforms and the preservation of social peace.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Democratic transformation, social consensus, civic solidarity, peacebuilding, social stability, democracy, civil society, Uzbekistan, social trust, public participation.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ergashev Inomjon Raximovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 108
ending page: 115

OPPORTUNITIES FOR DEVELOPING AN INCLUSIVE MODEL OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP BASED ON FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
type: item
description: This article examines the opportunities for developing an inclusive model of social entrepreneurship based on international experience. The study analyzes the theoretical foundations of inclusive social entrepreneurship and explores successful practices implemented in various countries. Particular attention is devoted to the role of social enterprises in promoting social inclusion, reducing inequality, supporting vulnerable populations, and fostering sustainable community development. The research investigates institutional, legal, economic, and social factors that contribute to the effectiveness of inclusive social entrepreneurship models. Through comparative analysis of international experiences, the study identifies key mechanisms that can be adapted to strengthen inclusive social entrepreneurship in developing economies. The findings demonstrate that inclusive social entrepreneurship serves as an effective instrument for enhancing social cohesion, expanding economic participation, and promoting sustainable development. The article concludes that the integration of international best practices with local socio-economic conditions can significantly improve the effectiveness of social entrepreneurship initiatives.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Social entrepreneurship, inclusive development, social inclusion, social innovation, vulnerable groups, sustainable development, human capital, social policy, community empowerment, international experience.
creator: Abduraxmonov Asadullo Asqarovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 99
ending page: 107

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE TERM “HABEAS CORPUS” IN THE HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM
type: item
description: This article examines the significance of the principle and legal concept of Habeas Corpus within the contemporary human rights system. The study analyzes the historical evolution of the Habeas Corpus doctrine, its legal foundations, and its role in protecting individuals against arbitrary detention and unlawful deprivation of liberty. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between Habeas Corpus and the principles of the rule of law, judicial protection, due process, and international human rights standards. The article also evaluates the implementation of Habeas Corpus mechanisms in modern legal systems and their contribution to ensuring justice and safeguarding fundamental freedoms. The findings indicate that Habeas Corpus remains one of the most effective legal instruments for preventing abuses of state power and protecting human dignity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Habeas Corpus, human rights, rule of law, judicial protection, unlawful detention, personal liberty, due process, constitutional law, legal guarantees, justice.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jalolova Mavludaxon Sobirjon qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 91
ending page: 98

THE LEGAL FOUNDATIONS AND PRIORITY TASKS OF BUILDING CIVIL SOCIETY
type: item
description: This article analyzes the legal foundations of building civil society, its essence and significance, as well as its role in the development of a democratic state governed by the rule of law. It also examines the legal mechanisms regulating the activities of civil society institutions, issues related to ensuring the rights and freedoms of citizens, and the priority tasks for the development of civil society. Particular attention is paid to ensuring the rule of law, strengthening public oversight, increasing the socio-political participation of citizens, and improving cooperation between the state and civil society institutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Civil society, rule-of-law state, rule of law, human rights, civil society institutions, public oversight, democratic principles, legal guarantees, civic engagement, cooperation between the state and society.
creator: Madumarova Nilufar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 87
ending page: 90

TURKEY’S SECURITY STRATEGY IN CENTRAL ASIA: GEOPOLITICAL OPPORTUNITIES AND INSTITUTIONAL CONSTRAINTS
type: item
description: This article systematically and scientifically analyzes the role, significance, and limitations of the Central Asian factor in Turkey’s regional security policy. Within the framework of the study, the main directions of security cooperation between Turkey and the Central Asian states, institutional mechanisms, the geopolitical competitive environment, and transnational threats were examined from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. In addition, the cultural-diplomatic, geoeconomic, and military instruments employed by Turkey to strengthen its strategic influence in the region were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that Turkey’s security strategy in the region is being shaped within a competitive environment involving the Central Asian states pursuing multi-vector foreign policies, as well as major geopolitical actors such as Russia and China.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Turkey, Central Asia, geopolitics, regional security, transnational threats, military cooperation, soft power, geoeconomics.
  topic: keywords
creator: Yarmukhamedova Irodakhon Nosir qizi
creator: Ashuraliyev Firdavs Umidjon o‘g‘li
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 82
ending page: 86

WOMEN SCHOLARS AND THE FORMATION OF ACADEMIC CULTURE, ETHICAL LEADERSHIP, AND SOCIAL PROGRESS
type: item
description: This article explores the role of women scholars in the development of academic culture, ethical leadership, and social progress in contemporary society. Unlike approaches that focus mainly on women’s participation in STEM or technological innovation, this study emphasizes the cultural, pedagogical, ethical, and social dimensions of women’s scientific activity. Women scholars are considered not only as producers of scientific knowledge, but also as mentors, educators, public intellectuals, and agents of social transformation. The article argues that the presence of women in science strengthens academic responsibility, enriches research culture, promotes inclusive education, and contributes to the formation of a more humane and intellectually mature society. The study also highlights the importance of institutional support, mentoring systems, gender-sensitive academic environments, and the public recognition of women’s scientific achievements.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women scholars, academic culture, ethical leadership, social progress, higher education, mentorship, gender equality, scientific responsibility, inclusive education.
  topic: keywords
creator: Zilola Gapporova Abduvannob qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 77
ending page: 81

THE ANIMAL METAPHOR AS A MEANS OF EXPRESSING ANTI-TOTALITARIAN THEMES IN G. VLADIMOV’S NOVELLA, FAITHFUL RUSLAN
type: item
description: This article examines G. Vladimov's novel "Faithful Ruslan" in the context of the expression of anti-totalitarian problems through zoomorphism. Animal consciousness in literature is a simplified human consciousness, possibly mythological, pre-mythological, which allowed us to single out archaic elements in G. Vladimov's story. the diversity of the world in which this hero exists. Considering the story "Faithful Ruslan" from this perspective, we clarified the genre originality of the story, the specifics of the plot and the artistic world of the work.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Zoometaphor, anti-totalitarian problems, archaic elements, mythological consciousness, plot scheme.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sariyev R. R.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-08
publication date: 2026-06-08
starting page: 70
ending page: 74

BETWEEN GREAT POWERS: UZBEKISTAN’S MULTI-VECTOR FOREIGN POLICY AND THE LIMITS OF STRATEGIC AUTONOMY AFTER 2016
type: item
description: Uzbekistan’s foreign policy has shifted dramatically since 2016, from semi isolation to active engagement with Russia, China, the United States, and the European Union. Yet scholars disagree whether this constitutes mere pragmatic balancing or a deliberate strategic hedging strategy aimed at preserving decision making autonomy. Drawing on strategic hedging and structural power theories through qualitative analysis of peer reviewed articles, official documents, and policy reports, this paper identifies four concrete hedging mechanisms: the C5+1 format as a dovetailing tool, economic diversification (EU’s EPCA, US’s MSP, China’s $5 bn deals), selective institutional engagement (EAEU observer status), and regional leadership (threefold increase in intra-regional trade to $7 bn). The findings reveal a fundamental paradox – hedging simultaneously enhances autonomy and creates new dependencies: 70% of critical minerals exports go to China, and remittances from Russia account for 15–20% of GDP. Uzbekistan operates in a multipolar competition zone, which enables what the study terms “structural mobility” – the ability to move between competing structural systems. The paper concludes that for middle powers, complete autonomy is unattainable; successful hedging diversifies dependencies rather than eliminating them.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Structural mobility; C5+1 dovetailing; middle power hedging; strategic autonomy; critical minerals diplomacy; selective institutional engagement; Central Asia; great power rivalry.
  topic: keywords
creator: E’zoza Erkinova Shoxrux qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 53
ending page: 69

NATIONAL AND UNIVERSAL VALUES IN YOUTH EDUCATION: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF HARMONY IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION
type: item
description: This article examines the socio-philosophical foundations of harmonizing national and universal values in the education of youth under the conditions of globalization. The study analyzes the role of cultural heritage, moral traditions, and universal human principles in shaping the worldview and spiritual development of young people. Particular attention is devoted to the significance of national identity, civic responsibility, and moral education in strengthening youth resilience against ideological threats. The research concludes that the effective integration of national and universal values contributes to the formation of a socially responsible, culturally aware, and morally mature generation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Youth education, national values, universal values, globalization, spiritual development, cultural identity, moral education, social philosophy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdullaev Makhset
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 49
ending page: 52

OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES OF USING AI TOOLS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION FOR NON-PHILOLOGICAL STUDENTS
type: item
description: This article critically explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in English language education, focusing especially on non-philological students. While AI brings transformative opportunities for personalized learning, greater accessibility, and student engagement, it also presents a range of challenges such as dependency, ethical concerns, and pedagogical limitations. The article draws on recent studies and practical examples to examine both the promises and limitations of AI in language education. Finally, the article provides recommendations and insights for educators seeking to harness the potential of AI tools effectively.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, English Language Education, Non-Philological Students, Digital Transformation, E-learning, Pedagogy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Miylikhurramov Sirojiddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 46
ending page: 48

INCLUSIVE APPROACH AGAINST RISKS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE GLOBAL INFORMATION ENVIRONMENT
type: item
description: The rapid development of globalization and digital technologies has fundamentally transformed modern social life and expanded the influence of the global information environment on human consciousness, social behavior, and value orientations. Along with new opportunities for communication, education, innovation, and civic participation, the digital environment has also generated complex risks related to cyber threats, misinformation, psychological instability, digital inequality, and ideological influence. These risks particularly affect young people, who are the most active participants in virtual communication and online interaction. Under such conditions, the necessity of developing inclusive approaches against information risks becomes increasingly important. This article analyzes the sociological foundations of inclusive approaches aimed at reducing risks in the global information environment. The study examines the concepts of information security, media literacy, digital inclusion, and social resilience within the context of globalization and digital transformation. Particular attention is given to the protection of vulnerable social groups and the importance of equal participation in the information society. The article also considers international experience and the socio-cultural conditions of Uzbekistan in implementing inclusive information policies and risk prevention strategies. The research is based on sociological theories, comparative analysis, and contemporary empirical observations. The findings demonstrate that inclusive approaches contribute to strengthening social stability, reducing inequality, and ensuring sustainable development in the digital era.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Global information environment, inclusive approach, information risks, digital inclusion, youth, media literacy, information security, globalization.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ahmedova Mohinur
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-09
publication date: 2026-06-09
starting page: 41
ending page: 45

THE ROLE OF CODE-SWITCHING IN LINGUISTIC GROWTH AND CULTURAL IDENTITY FORMATION
type: item
description: This article examines the dual impact of code-switching on language development, educational pedagogy, and cultural identity in bilingual and multilingual settings. As a communicative and cognitive tool, code-switching enhances linguistic flexibility, expands vocabulary, and helps speakers express complex emotions while preserving heritage values within families. In classrooms, it serves as an inclusive pedagogical strategy that clarifies complex concepts and bridges comprehension gaps. However, excessive code-switching or unstructured code-mixing can trigger cognitive interference, grammatical confusion, and eventual language loss—particularly for minority languages eclipsed by a dominant tongue. The study concludes that intentional, balanced educational frameworks are essential to capitalize on the communicative benefits of code-switching while safeguarding sustainable linguistic diversity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Code-switching, language development, bilingual pedagogy, cultural identity, code-mixing, language loss
  topic: keywords
creator: Buriyeva Mukhayyo Shavkatovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
starting page: 35
ending page: 40

EVALUATING THE CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF NEURAL NETWORKS IN AI TRANSLATION
type: item
description: This article examines the capabilities and limitations of neural networks in artificial intelligence (AI) translation. Neural machine translation (NMT) systems, particularly those based on deep learning architectures such as sequence-to-sequence models, transformers, and attention mechanisms, have significantly improved translation accuracy, fluency, and contextual understanding. These technologies enable machines to process large volumes of linguistic data and generate translations that are more natural and contextually appropriate than traditional rule-based and statistical methods. Despite these advancements, neural networks still face several challenges, including difficulties in interpreting idiomatic expressions, cultural references, sarcasm, and linguistic nuances. Their performance is also highly dependent on the quality, diversity, and representativeness of training data. Biased or insufficient datasets may lead to translation errors and reduced effectiveness, especially for underrepresented languages and dialects. The article highlights the importance of improving contextual awareness, enhancing data quality, and integrating human linguistic expertise with AI technologies to develop more reliable and culturally sensitive translation systems. Future research should focus on addressing these limitations to further improve the accuracy and effectiveness of AI-driven translation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Neural Networks, Artificial Intelligence, Neural Machine Translation (NMT), Deep Learning, Machine Translation, Contextual Understanding, Attention Mechanism, Translation Accuracy, Linguistic Nuances, Training Data Quality.
creator: Raimov Lazizjon Alisherovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-11
publication date: 2026-06-11
starting page: 28
ending page: 34

THE PHENOMENON OF SPIRITUAL ALIENATION AMONG YOUTH IN MODERN SOCIETY
type: item
description: This article examines the phenomenon of spiritual alienation among youth in contemporary society and analyzes its causes, manifestations, and consequences. The rapid processes of globalization, digitalization, urbanization, and cultural transformation have significantly influenced young people’s value systems, social relationships, and identity formation. The study explores the impact of social media, consumer culture, virtual communication, and changing moral standards on the spiritual development of youth. Particular attention is given to the role of education, family, and cultural institutions in preventing spiritual alienation and strengthening moral values. The findings suggest that while modern society offers unprecedented opportunities for personal development and self-expression, it also creates conditions that may weaken spiritual awareness, cultural identity, and social connectedness among young people.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Spiritual alienation, youth, modern society, moral values, digitalization, globalization, cultural identity, social media, value transformation, youth development.
  topic: keywords
creator: Ergashev Ulugbek Adxamovich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 70
ending page: 76

IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION STANDARDS IN THE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF FERGANA REGION: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS
type: item
description: This article chronologically analyzes the historical processes, stages, and results of integrating international communication standards into the communication network of the Fergana region from the late XIX to the early XXI centuries. The research examines the transition from traditional postal and telegraph services to modern telecommunication systems, focusing on how global technological standards were adapted to the regional infrastructure. Based on archival documents and historical facts, the paper highlights the socio-economic impacts of these technological upgrades, the role of international norms in modernizing the regional communication network, and the integration of the Fergana Valley into the global information space during the years of Independence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fergana region, communication system, international standards, postal-telegraph, telecommunications, infrastructure, technological modernization, historical experience.
  topic: keywords
creator: Dilmurodjon A. Qosimov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 63
ending page: 69

LINGUOCULTURAL FEATURES OF RENDERING RUSSIAN REALIA IN THE TRANSLATIONS BY CHOLPON
type: item
description: The article examines how Abdulhamid Cholpon (1897-1938) carried Russian realia into Uzbek when he translated Pushkin, Gogol and Gorky and, through Russian, Shakespeare. Drawing on the realia theory of S. Vlakhov and S. Florin and on J. F. Aixela's account of culture-specific items, it traces two recurring solutions, the sound-based transcription of ranks and proper names and the substitution of everyday items by Arabic and Persian words already settled in Uzbek. The choices are read against I. Even-Zohar's polysystem reasoning, which explains why translation held a central position in the young Uzbek literature of the 1920s and 1930s.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Realia, culture-specific items, literary translation, Cholpon, Russian classics, Uzbek literature, foreignization, domestication, transcription, polysystem.
  topic: keywords
creator: Latipova Bonu Najmiddinovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-07
publication date: 2026-06-07
starting page: 20
ending page: 27

ALIGNING MULTIPLE TRANSLATIONS IN AN AUTHOR PARALLEL CORPUS OF A. S. PUSHKIN POETRY
type: item
description: The article presents a method for aligning several published English translations of one Pushkin poem against the Russian source within an author parallel corpus. As material, two anchor texts are used, namely the opening stanza of Eugene Onegin in eight verse translations (H. Spalding 1881 through S. Mitchell 2008) and the lyric Ya vas lyubil in twenty English versions. Comparing five alignment algorithms (W. Gale and K. Church 1993, R. Moore 2002, HunAlign 2005, Bleualign 2010, Vecalign 2019), the study records 0.90 F1 for Vecalign on the reference benchmark. Stand-off TEI P5 encoding stores line-level correspondences across all translations at once.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Author parallel corpus; sentence alignment; verse translation; Eugene Onegin; Pushkin; Vecalign; HunAlign; TEI P5; multi-text alignment; translation studies.
  topic: keywords
creator: Jumaeva Zarnigor Zokirovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-07
publication date: 2026-06-07
starting page: 12
ending page: 19

UZBEKISTAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO VICTORY IN THE SECOND WORLD WAR: UNITY ON THE FRONTLINE AND THE HOME FRONT
type: item
description: This article examines Uzbekistan’s contribution to victory during the Second World War through the prism of the unity between the frontline and the home front. Drawing upon historical sources, it highlights military mobilization in the republic, the participation of Uzbekistani citizens in major theaters of military operations, the transition of industry and agriculture to a wartime footing, the activities of the labor front, evacuation processes, and the functioning of science, education, and culture under wartime conditions. The study also analyzes new historiographical approaches and contemporary memory policies related to the war. It argues that Uzbekistan’s role in the war was determined not only by its direct military participation but also by the unity of economic, social, and spiritual factors that collectively contributed to victory.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Second World War, Uzbekistan, frontline, home front, mobilization, labor front, evacuation, industry, agriculture, historical memory, Victory.
  topic: keywords
creator: Naim Khalimovich Oblomuradov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-07
publication date: 2026-06-07
starting page: 6
ending page: 11

COGNITIVE AND STYLISTIC ASPECTS OF TRANSLATING SIMILE WITH STRATEGIES AND EXAMPLES
type: item
description: This paper examines how similes are identified and translated in modern fantasy literature, using Leigh Bardugo’s novel Crooked Kingdom as a case study. In fantasy, similes are not just decorative elements also they are essential tools that help readers understand unfamiliar, invented worlds by comparing them to real-life experiences. With studying a number of strategies, a translator may choose which one will be appropriate in each situation. It explores how original images and ideas change when moving into a new language and culture. Ultimately, the paper shows how a translator can keep the author's unique style while making sure the story remains natural for the target reader.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Modern fantasy, simile translation, Crooked Kingdom, cognitive linguistics, translation strategies, world-building.
  topic: keywords
creator: Olimjonova Fazilat Rustam qizi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-05
publication date: 2026-06-05
starting page: 1
ending page: 5

MEDIA SPACE AND SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS: MODERN TRENDS AND FACTORS OF TRANSFORMATION OF YOUTH VALUES
type: item
description: This article provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the mechanisms of interaction between the media space and social consciousness, the impact of modern information and communication technologies on the transformation of youth values, and the main trends and factors of this process. The study examines the impact of digital media, social networks and the virtual environment on the worldview, national value system and social behavior of Uzbek youth. Using content analysis, questionnaires and observation methods, the main directions of change in youth values were identified, conclusions of pedagogical and social significance were formulated, and practical recommendations were developed.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Media space, social consciousness, youth values, value transformation, digital media, social networks, media influence, national identity, information environment, pedagogy.
  topic: keywords
creator: Raxmatullayev Dilmurod Raxmatullayevich
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-04
publication date: 2026-06-04
starting page: 58
ending page: 62

PRESENTING WORKS OF APPLIED ART IN MUSEUMS THROUGH MODERN TECHNOLOGIES
type: item
description: This article highlights current issues in presenting works of applied art in museums through modern technologies. It analyzes the importance of multimedia tools, digital technologies, virtual and augmented reality, interactive exhibitions, and 3D modeling methods in museum work. The role of innovative technologies in promoting national examples of applied art and conveying them to the younger generation is also explained on a scholarly basis.The article also discusses how many museums, drawing on the experience of museums in a number of developed countries, are developing new approaches to preserving and displaying works of applied art through the use of modern technologies. It further examines the practical work being carried out in this area at the Ichan-Qal'a State Museum-Reserve. Information is provided on the importance of presenting tangible cultural heritage through innovative methods in order to widely promote the history, culture, and art of our country.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Museum, applied art, modern technologies, cultural heritage, exhibitions.
  topic: keywords
creator: Sultanova Gulchexra Ozodovna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-05-31
publication date: 2026-05-31
starting page: 53
ending page: 57

SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE: ITS ESSENCE, CORE PRINCIPLES, AND ROLE IN INNOVATIVE ACTIVITY
type: item
description: This article reveals that scientific knowledge is one of the continuous and complex processes of human thought. It examines how scientific knowledge manifests itself as the most important instrument for human understanding of the surrounding environment, society, and oneself, and analyzes how, in this process, a person assimilates new information through experience, observation, and analysis, then generalizes it to form new concepts. It is argued that scientific knowledge, grounded in the principles of objectivity, validity, logical consistency, and systematicity, enriches existing knowledge and opens pathways to new discoveries. Accordingly, the article contends that scientific knowledge is not merely a means of acquiring knowledge, but also one of the most important factors ensuring the intellectual and spiritual development of humanity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Knowledge, scientific knowledge, innovation, objectivity, validity, logical consistency, systematicity.
  topic: keywords
creator: S. Boymurodov
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-06-01
publication date: 2026-06-01
starting page: 48
ending page: 52