THE ROLE OF GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY

Abstract

This article reviews the contribution of genetics and biotechnology to the improvement of agricultural plants and animals, with particular emphasis on animal husbandry. It discusses the practical significance of the laws of heredity, experimental polyploidy, induced mutagenesis, heterosis, male sterility, progeny testing, and immunogenetics. These approaches have supported the development of higher-yielding plant varieties and more productive livestock breeds and lines. In cattle, pig, sheep, and poultry production, genetic selection and crossbreeding are associated with improved growth, feed utilization, product output, and resistance to disease. The article also highlights the importance of accounting for both heredity and environmental conditions when organizing breeding programs. The reviewed evidence shows that the integration of conventional selection with genetic and biotechnological methods provides a scientific basis for increasing agricultural productivity and creating resilient biological resources.