DISTRIBUTION OF MICROORGANISMS IN TYPICAL GRAY SOILS

Abstract

This article analyzes the microbiological properties of typical gray soils widespread in Uzbekistan, the distribution of microorganisms along the soil profile, and their role in the formation of soil fertility. Typical gray soils are formed in arid and semi-arid conditions of Central Asia, and their biological activity changes significantly as a result of irrigation and agricultural use. Literature analysis shows that the amount and ratio of physiological groups such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, ammonifiers, and oligonitrophils in the soil are closely related to soil moisture, organic carbon, humus, nitrogen, pH, mechanical composition, plant roots, irrigation, and agrotechnical measures. In typical gray soils, the main part of microorganisms is usually found in the upper layers, where organic matter and plant roots accumulate more. As a general rule, a decrease in microbial biomass and biological activity with increasing depth is observed. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, irrigation, erosion, and the use of mineral and organic fertilizers can change this vertical distribution. The article also discusses the prospects for using microbiological indicators to assess the biological productivity of typical gray soils.