MOLECULAR GENETIC MECHANISMS OF FLOWERING REGULATION IN SPECIES OF THE GENUS TULIPA L.

Abstract

Regulation of the transition from vegetative to generative development in representatives of the genus Tulipa L. is a complex process controlled by the interaction of endogenous genetic programs and seasonal temperature signals. Modern transcriptomic and functional studies have made it possible to identify a number of genes in the tulip associated with the induction of flowering, the determination of the identity of the flower meristem and the subsequent formation of flower organs. are members of the families PEBP/FT, SOC1, TFL1, SVP, SQUAMOSA/AP1, as well as numerous MADS-box transcription factors. In Tulipa gesneriana it has been shown that temperature increase is associated with the transition of the apical meristem to the reproductive state and is accompanied by a change in the expression of TgTFL1, TgSOC1-like1, TgSOC1-like2 Functional analysis of representatives of the PEBP family showed a pronounced florigenic activity of TgFT2 in the heterologous system Arabidopsis thaliana, while the latest transcriptomic data also indicate an important role for TgFT4. MADS-box genes of classes A, B and E are involved in the regulation of the formation of flower organs; the expression patterns of TGDEFA, TGDEFB and TGGLO are involved in the regulation of the formation of flower organs. confirms the modified ABC-model of perianth formation in the tulip. The article systematizes modern data on the molecular genetic network of Tulipa flowering, analyzes the limitations of existing studies and substantiates the need to move from the cultivated T. gesneriana to a comparative study of wild species of Central Asia.