COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF IMMUNOBIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA IN COMORBID COURSE WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Fayzullaeva Nigora Yakhyaevna; Raufov Alisher Anvarovich; Kayumov Abrorjon Anvarovich; Mukhtorov Sherzod Murod ugli

Authors

Fayzullaeva Nigora Yakhyaevna Head of the Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Human Immunology and Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, DSc, Professor
Raufov Alisher Anvarovich Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Human Immunology and Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, PhD
Kayumov Abrorjon Anvarovich Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Institute of Human Immunology and Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Mukhtorov Sherzod Murod ugli Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Autoimmune Conditions, Institute of Human Immunology and Genomics, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, PhD

Keywords:

Bronchial asthma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cytokines, endothelin-1, glycated hemoglobin, SRAGE, comorbidity, immunobiochemical markers.

Abstract

The relevance of this study is обусловлена высокой частотой сочетания bronchial asthma (BA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), which mutually aggravate the clinical course. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical and immunobiochemical markers to improve diagnosis and assess disease severity. A total of 42 patients were examined and divided into two groups: isolated BA and BA combined with T2DM, with comprehensive clinical, laboratory, and immunological assessments performed. An increase in IL-4 levels up to 30.1 ± 1.4 pg/mL in BA+T2DM compared to BA (24.7 ± 1.2 pg/mL) and a decrease in IFN-γ to 12.3 ± 0.8 pg/mL relative to the control group (18.3 ± 1.0 pg/mL; p < 0.05) were observed. Endothelin-1 concentration increased to 2.41 ± 0.12 pg/mL alongside elevated HbA1c levels up to 8.44 ± 0.91%, reflecting endothelial dysfunction and metabolic disturbances. The level of sRAGE decreased to 720.5 ± 150.4 pg/mL in the comorbid group compared to BA (980.3 ± 180.1 pg/mL) and control (1450.3 ± 210.3 pg/mL; p < 0.05), indicating enhanced oxidative stress. The obtained results confirm the activation of inflammatory and metabolic pathways in BA combined with T2DM and justify the need for comprehensive laboratory monitoring.