DIFFERENTIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OPTIMISM AND EMOTIONAL STABILITY IN WOMEN ACROSS DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS

Abstract

This article presents a conceptual analysis of the relationship between optimism and emotional stability in women across different age periods. It considers how individual psychological characteristics, developmental tasks, and social circumstances may shape this relationship. Optimism is understood as a generalized expectation of favorable future outcomes, whereas emotional stability refers to a relatively consistent capacity to maintain emotional balance when facing demands and uncertainty. Particular attention is given to the potential roles of cognitive appraisal, emotion regulation, coping strategies, self-efficacy, and perceived social support. The discussion distinguishes chronological age from the life experiences and social conditions that accompany it, avoiding the assumption that psychological development follows a uniform trajectory. A differential psychological perspective is proposed to explain variation both between age groups and among women within the same age group. The article outlines a conceptual basis for future empirical research and for developing psychological support that responds to individual needs and life circumstances.