AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER IN CHILDREN: THE CRITICAL NEED FOR AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH

Ergasheva N. N.; Ergasheva N. N.; Otepbergenova G.

Authors

Ergasheva N. N. DSc, Associate Professor of the Department of Neurology, Child Neurology and Medical Genetics of Tashkent State Medical University
Ergasheva N. N. PhD, Assistant of the Department of Physical Education and Citizens' Health Protection No. 1, Department of "Family Medicine" of Tashkent State Medical University
Otepbergenova G. 3rd Year Master's Student in the Specialty of Child Neurology of Tashkent State Medical University

Keywords:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Neurodevelopmental Disorder, ICD-11 Classification, Social Communication Deficits, Restricted, Repetitive, Behaviors (RRBs), Sensory Processing Differences, Heterogeneity.

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex, heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction, alongside restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities. Its prevalence has risen dramatically worldwide, posing a significant public health challenge. The etiology of ASD is multifactorial, involving a strong genetic predisposition intertwined with environmental, immunological, and metabolic factors. This complexity necessitates a move beyond a singular disciplinary perspective. This comprehensive review elucidates the clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria according to the ICD-11, and the intricate etiological landscape of ASD. We provide a detailed analysis of contemporary management strategies, encompassing psychopharmacology for co-occurring conditions, innovative biological treatments under investigation, and evidence-based behavioral interventions. A central thesis of this article is that optimal outcomes for children with ASD are achieved only through a cohesive, patient-centered, interdisciplinary approach that integrates medical, therapeutic, educational, and family-based support systems.