ANATOMICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE STUMP OF THE SHIN AFTER AMPUTATION AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR MODERN PROSTHETICS

Khojanazarova Saulehan Jubatirovna; Saipova Zamira Oybekovna

Authors

Khojanazarova Saulehan Jubatirovna Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Medical Anatomy of the Tashkent State Medical University Academy
Saipova Zamira Oybekovna Student of the Medical Faculty of the Tashkent State Medical University Academy

Keywords:

Lower limb amputation, lower leg stump, prosthetics, morphological changes, neuroma, phantom pain, microcirculation, rehabilitation.

Abstract

Lower limb amputation remains a pressing issue in traumatology, orthopedics, and rehabilitation. Despite advances in treatment for vascular pathologies, diabetes, and the consequences of trauma, the number of patients requiring prosthetics remains high. This review systematizes literature data on the anatomical and morphological changes in the tibia stump tissues after amputation and their impact on the functional characteristics of the prosthesis. This work is based on an analysis of domestic and international sources examining the transformation of the bone, vascular, nervous systems, and soft tissues. Theoretical conclusions are compared with practical aspects of modern prosthetics, documented during a visit to a specialized facility. It has been established that bone remodeling, microcirculatory disorders, neuroma formation, phantom pain syndrome, and soft tissue changes are key factors determining the condition of the stump. Scientific consensus indicates that taking these characteristics into account when designing prostheses reduces the risk of complications and improves the effectiveness of rehabilitation.