THE GUT-BRAIN AXIS: MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS AND ITS ROLE IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES

Akhmatova Yulduz Ablakulovna; Farmonov Samandar Anvar oʻgʻli; Ro'ziyev Javlonbek Orifjon o'g'li; Raxmatov Jasurbek Xurshid o'g'li; Adxamov Oʻktam Adxam oʻgʻli

Authors

Akhmatova Yulduz Ablakulovna PhD., Assistant, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Samarkand State Medical University
Farmonov Samandar Anvar oʻgʻli Samarkand State Medical University Faculty of General Medicine, Year 6, Group 606
Ro'ziyev Javlonbek Orifjon o'g'li Samarkand State Medical University Faculty of General Medicine, Year 6, Group 603
Raxmatov Jasurbek Xurshid o'g'li Samarkand State Medical University Faculty of General Medicine, Year 6, Group 603
Adxamov Oʻktam Adxam oʻgʻli Samarkand State Medical University (SamSMU), Year 1, Dentistry

Keywords:

Gut microbiota, Gut-brain axis, Dysbiosis, Neuroinflammation, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Short-chain fatty acids.

Abstract

The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a modulator of central nervous system function through bidirectional signaling along the gut-brain axis. Dysbiosis, characterized by altered microbial diversity and composition, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of major neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease. Proposed mechanisms include disruption of intestinal and blood-brain barrier integrity, chronic systemic and neuroinflammation, aberrant production of microbial metabolites, and pathological protein misfolding originating in the enteric nervous system. This review summarizes current evidence on microbiota-driven mechanisms of neurodegeneration and emerging microbiota-targeted therapeutic strategies.