THE EVOLUTION OF PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION: FROM BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY TO BIORESORBABLE SCAFFOLDS

Akhmatova Yulduz Ablakulovna; Xayrullayev Po’latjon Asadulloxon o’g’li; Adxamov Asror Adxam oʻgʻli; Abdunazarov Muhammadali Xojiakbarovich; Ziyatov Sardor Kildiyor ugli

Authors

Akhmatova Yulduz Ablakulovna PhD., Assistant, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Samarkand State Medical University
Xayrullayev Po’latjon Asadulloxon o’g’li Samarkand State Medical University (SamSMU), Year 6, General Medicine
Adxamov Asror Adxam oʻgʻli Samarkand State Medical University (SamSMU), Year 6, General Medicine
Abdunazarov Muhammadali Xojiakbarovich Samarkand State Medical University (SamSMU), Year 6, Faculty of General Medicine
Ziyatov Sardor Kildiyor ugli Samarkand State Medical University (SamSMU), Year 4, General Medicine

Keywords:

Percutaneous coronary intervention, Coronary stent, Drug-eluting stent, Bioresorbable scaffold, Restenosis, Stent thrombosis, Fractional flow reserve.

Abstract

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has evolved from a high-risk experimental procedure into the standard revascularization strategy for obstructive coronary artery disease. Beginning with balloon angioplasty, the field progressed through bare-metal stenting, first- and second-generation drug-eluting stents, and, more recently, bioresorbable scaffold technologies. Each stage addressed limitations of its predecessor, most notably acute vessel recoil, elastic restenosis, neointimal hyperplasia, and late stent thrombosis. This evolution has been accompanied by advances in intracoronary imaging, physiological lesion assessment, antiplatelet pharmacotherapy, and vascular access technique. This review summarizes the historical development of coronary stenting, the transition from bare-metal to drug-eluting platforms, the rise and partial retreat of bioresorbable scaffolds, and enabling technologies that continue to shape contemporary interventional cardiology.